Economic sanctions and spread of infectious diseases.

Economic sanctions can induce economic crises and compromise the determinants of health. In the literature, economic crises have been found to increase the risk of infectious disease outbreaks. Presumably, sanctions can increase the risk of infectious disease spreads, indirectly.

The association between sleep quality, health status and disability due to breathlessness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases susceptibility to sleep disturbances. This study aimed to evaluate the association between COPD severity criteria with sleep quality.

Methods: One hundred fifty-eight patients in Rasul Akram Hospital of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, from April 2019 to March 2021 diagnosed with COPD were examined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale, spirometry and pulse oximetry.

Economic sanctions threaten population health: the case of Iran.

Objective: The aim of the study is to review evidence of the negative consequences of international economic sanctions on population health in Iran and pathways via which the sanctions affect health.

Study Design: This is a narrative review.

Methods: Data from the World Bank and the Central Bank of Iran were gathered to clarify economic consequences of sanctions.