WISER Survivor Trial: Combined Effect of Exercise and Weight Loss Interventions on Insulin and Insulin Resistance in Breast Cancer Survivors.

Obesity-associated breast cancer recurrence is mechanistically linked with elevated insulin levels and insulin resistance. Exercise and weight loss are associated with decreased breast cancer recurrence, which may be mediated through reduced insulin levels and improved insulin sensitivity. This is a secondary analysis of the WISER Survivor clinical trial examining the relative effect of exercise, weight loss and combined exercise and weight loss interventions on insulin and insulin resistance.

Trends in and Barriers to Enrollment of Underrepresented Minority Students in a Pharmacy School.

To compare the mean national enrollment rates of underrepresented minority (URM) students in a pharmacy school with mean rates in California pharmacy schools, and identify barriers faced by URM students during the application process. The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) enrollment data from 2005 to 2014 were used to compare the demographics of California pharmacy schools with the average enrollment of URM students in pharmacy schools nationally. A survey was administered to students in the 2017 and 2018 classes at Touro University California College of Pharmacy to identify common barriers that students faced in pursuing pharmacy education.

Approach to pediatric rotational limb deformities.

Pediatric lower extremity complaints are a common source of concern for parents. Gait concerns such as in-toeing are considered a developmental variant of childhood growth and are a common reason for visits to a pediatrician. In-toeing specifically is a common anatomic structural variation encountered by pediatric primary care providers and pediatric orthopedic specialists and may be accentuated between six months and five years during which children are developing their coordination skills.

Atypical femoral fracture in the setting of alendronate treatment for osteoporosis: a case report and literature review.

Osteoporosis leads to reduced bone mass and disrupted bone architecture. Bisphosphonates are used to treat osteoporosis by inhibiting bone resorption. Chronic bisphosphonate use has been associated with adverse effects including atypical femoral fractures (AFF).

An opsin 5-dopamine pathway mediates light-dependent vascular development in the eye.

During mouse postnatal eye development, the embryonic hyaloid vascular network regresses from the vitreous as an adaption for high-acuity vision. This process occurs with precisely controlled timing. Here, we show that opsin 5 (OPN5; also known as neuropsin)-dependent retinal light responses regulate vascular development in the postnatal eye.

p-Phosphonated Calix[n]arene Stabilizes Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Nitrate and Phosphate Uptake.

Highly faceted superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles roughly 11 nm in diameter are readily accessible in the presence of p-phosphonated calix[n]arenes of different ring sizes (n=4, 5 and 6), through the use of a simple co-precipitation technique. In contrast, the larger calix[8]arene affords spherical particles of comparable size. The maximum magnetization is 70-60 emu g , which decreases with increasing size of the calixarene macrocycle, and the evidence indicates that the calixarenes bind to the surface of the nanoparticles via the phosphonate head groups rather than the phenolic oxygen centers.

Prevalence and type of errors in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Objectives: Pitfalls in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are common. Our aim was to assess rate and type of errors in DXA examinations/reports, evaluating a consecutive series of DXA images of patients examined elsewhere and later presenting to our institution for a follow-up DXA.

Methods: After ethics committee approval, a radiologist retrospectively reviewed all DXA images provided by patients presenting at our institution for a new DXA.

Vortex fluidic entrapment of functional microalgal cells in a magnetic polymer matrix.

Composite materials based on superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles embedded in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) are generated in a continuous flow vortex fluidic device (VFD). The same device is effective in entrapping microalgal cells within this material, such that the functional cells can be retrieved from aqueous dispersions using an external magnet.

A seedless approach to continuous flow synthesis of gold nanorods.

A direct seedless method for the continuous synthesis of gold nanorods has been developed using a sequential rotating tube-narrow channel processing microfluidic configuration, with the stock feed solutions (HAuCl(4)/CTAB/acetylacetone and AgNO(3)/CTAB/carbonate buffer) being stable for weeks.

Enhanced immune sensitivity to stress following chronic morphine exposure.

Chronic administration of escalating doses ofmorphine leads to neuroadaptive changes precipitating development of tolerance to many of the acute effects of morphine, such as analgesia, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and suppression of immune cell activities. Interestingly, morphine tolerance has also been shown to be accompanied by heightened immunosuppressive effects of restraint stress using a rodent model. These observations have led to the hypothesis that the altered neuronal state accompanying opioid tolerance may contribute to this enhanced immune sensitivity to stress.

Immune cell activity during the initial stages of withdrawal from chronic exposure to cocaine or morphine.

The immunosuppression accompanying illicit drug use has been shown to contribute to a decreased resistance to a variety of pathogens; however, there is relatively little information on how long these effects persist following withdrawal from chronic drug exposure. To begin to address this question, Sprague-Dawley male rats were administered either cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.

HTLV-1-encoded p30II is a post-transcriptional negative regulator of viral replication.

Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) persists despite a vigorous virus-specific host immune response, and causes adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma in approximately 2% of infected individuals. Here we report that HTLV-1 has evolved a genetic function to restrict its own replication by a novel post-transcriptional mechanism. The HTLV-1-encoded p30(II) is a nuclear-resident protein that binds to, and retains in the nucleus, the doubly spliced mRNA encoding the Tax and Rex proteins.

Antagonism of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors reduces the vulnerability of the immune system to stress after chronic morphine.

It has been shown that morphine-tolerant animals have an altered immunological sensitivity to stress. Although the glutamatergic system has been implicated in the neuroadaptive process underlying this tolerant state, its potential role in development of the altered immunological sensitivity consequent to chronic morphine treatment is not known. To determine this, a morphine-tolerant state was induced by 10-day administration of an escalating dose of morphine from 10 to 40 mg/kg (s.

Opioids, immunology, and host defenses of intravenous drug abusers.

Overall, it is apparent that opioids do affect host defense mechanisms. Heroin users present with an altered and functionally impaired immune system and have a higher prevalence of infectious diseases than do nonaddicts. Individuals exposed to opioid treatment for pain management during surgical procedures or maintained on oral methadone for treatment of drug addiction show either no effect or a suppressed immune system, depending on dosage and, in the case of methadone-maintained patients, duration of drug treatment.

Intranasal mupirocin reduces sternal wound infection after open heart surgery in diabetics and nondiabetics.

Background: This study was designed to determine whether decreasing nasal bacterial colonization by applying Mupirocin (MPN) intranasally decreases sternal wound infections.

Methods: We prospectively followed 992 consecutive open heart surgery (OHS) patients who did not receive MPN prophylaxis (group I) from January 1, 1995 to October 31, 1996. Group II consisted of 854 consecutive patients followed prospectively from December 1, 1997 to March 31, 1999 treated with intranasal MPN given on the evening before, the morning of OHS, and twice daily for 5 days postoperatively.

Morphine reduces mortality in mice following ocular infection with HSV-1.

To determine the effect of chronic opioid treatment on mice infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), female ICR mice were administered saline or morphine (25 mg/kg) subcutaneously (s.c.) 3 X /day and infected five days later via corneal scarification and inoculation with 150-210 plaque forming units of HSV-1.

Progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: accumulation of amyloid-beta40 in affected vessels.

Cerebrovascular deposits of amyloid (cerebral amyloid angiopathy, or CAA) are generally asymptomatic, but in advanced cases, they can lead to vessel rupture and hemorrhage. The process of progression in CAA was studied by comparison of postmortem brains with asymptomatic ("mild") CAA to brains with the form of the disease associated with hemorrhage ("severe CAA"). Cortical and meningeal vessels were immunostained for beta-amyloid and examined by confocal microscopy and by systematic quantitative sampling.

Structure and functions of human cerebrospinal fluid lipoproteins from individuals of different APOE genotypes.

Recent data have implicated apolipoprotein E (apoE) in neuritic outgrowth, synaptic stability, and Alzheimer's disease; these data led us to examine the normal role of apoE-containing lipoproteins in the central nervous system (CNS). We isolated lipoproteins from human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in order to examine their composition and potential functions. CSF particles were composed of approximately one-third protein, one-third phospholipid, and one-third cholesterol.