A prospective observational study on microbiological isolation in low-profile gastrostomy's feeding extension sets in children on long-term home enteral nutrition.

Background: Although reuse of enteral feeding equipment has been linked to risk of microbial contamination and risk of infection, there is a paucity of research in this area. Per the manufacturer's instructions low-profile gastrostomy feeding extension sets (LPG-FES) may be reusable for the same patient, but there are no recommendations on replacement intervals.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study to analyze and compare the contamination rate of LPG-FES after 15 (T1) and after 30 days (T2) of regular use.

Comparison of eight prehospital early warning scores in life-threatening acute respiratory distress: a prospective, observational, multicentre, ambulance-based, external validation study.

Background: A myriad of early warning scores (EWSs) exist, yet there is a need to identify the most clinically valid score to be used in prehospital respiratory assessments to estimate short-term and midterm mortality, intensive-care unit admission, and airway management in life-threatening acute respiratory distress.

Methods: This is a prospective, observational, multicentre, ambulance-based, external validation study performed in 44 ambulance services and four hospitals across three Spanish provinces (ie, Salamanca, Segovia, and Valladolid). We identified adults (ie, those aged 18 years and older) discharged to the emergency department with suspected acute respiratory distress.

Staphylococcus aureus Community-acquired Pneumonia in Children After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Vaccination (2008-2018): Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes.

Background: The epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has changed, influenced by sociosanitary conditions and vaccination status. We aimed to analyze the recent epidemiology of bacterial CAP in hospitalized children in a setting with high pneumococcal vaccination coverage and to describe the clinical characteristics of pediatric Staphylococcus aureus CAP.

Methods: Children <17 years old hospitalized from 2008 to 2018 with bacterial CAP in 5 tertiary hospitals in Spain were included.

[Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections (2011-2018): EMM-type and clinical presentation].

Introduction: Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is an important human pathogen that is responsible for a broad range of infections, from uncomplicated to more severe and invasive diseases with high morbidity/mortality. The M protein (emm type) is a critical virulence factor.

[New methodological advances: algorithm proposal for management of Clostridium difficile infection].

Introduction: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is considered the most common cause of health care-associated diarrhea and also is an etiologic agent of community diarrhea. The aim of this study was to assess the potential benefit of a test that detects glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and C. difficile toxin A/B, simultaneously, followed by detection of C.

[Salmonella enterica with nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype in pediatric patients].

Introduction: Decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella spp. may lead to treatment failures. The use of ciprofloxacin for extraintestinal and serious intestinal Salmonella infections in children is controversial and therefore the clinical relevance of these strains is not significant.

[Incidence and susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni in pediatric patients: involvement in bacteremia].

Introduction: Invasive disease as a result Campylobacter spp. is rarely reported. Bloodstream infections have been reported in patients with immune deficiency or other serious underlying conditions.

[Evaluation of the Robobact system for processing stool cultures: another step towards automation in the microbiology laboratory].

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Robobact system (DIESSE Diagnostica Senese S.p.A.

[Phenotypes of resistance in community urinary tract isolates of Escherichia coli: therapeutic implications].

Background And Objective: Urinary tract infectious (UTI) are very frequent in the community and are managed through empirical treatment guidelines. The knowledge of patterns of susceptibility of patients at the time of establishing an empirical treatment is fundamental to avoid therapeutic failures. The aim of this study was to know the pattern of resistance to betalactams and other antimicrobials used in the treatment of non-complicated urinary infections in the area 11 of Madrid.

[Fosfomycin: an underrated antibiotic for urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli].

Objectives: To evaluate the sensitivity patterns of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from urine specimens from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections, with a special emphasis on fosfomycin trometamol for the treatment of UTI.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the sensitivity pattern of 16,227 E. coli isolates recovered from urine cultures performed at the Microbiology Laboratory of Madrid Area 11 from 1997 to 2000.

The influence of HIV infection and imprisonment on dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a large Spanish city.

Setting: Culture-positive cases of tuberculosis (TB) from the urban population of southern Madrid and from all the prisons located throughout the city.

Objective: To determine the frequency with which common strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause disease among patients from both the urban and prison populations of a large Spanish city.

Design: Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed on culture-positive cases of TB identified between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998.