Current Role of CT Pulmonary Angiography in Pulmonary Embolism: A State-of-the-Art Review.

The purpose of this study is to conduct a literature review on the current role of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in the diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). It addresses key topics such as the quantification of the thrombotic burden, its role as a predictor of mortality, new diagnostic techniques that are available, the possibility of analyzing the thrombus composition to differentiate its evolutionary stage, and the applicability of artificial intelligence (AI) in PE through CTPA. The only finding from CTPA that has been validated as a prognostic factor so far is the right ventricle/left ventricle (RV/LV) diameter ratio being >1, which is associated with a 2.

Primary and secondary postpartum haemorrhage: a review for a rationale endovascular approach.

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a significant cause of maternal mortality globally, necessitating prompt and efficient management. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of endovascular treatment dimensions for both primary and secondary PPH, with a focus on uterine atony, trauma, placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), and retained products of conception (RPOC). Primary PPH, occurring within 24 h, often results from uterine atony in 70% of causes, but also from trauma, or PAS.

Magnetic Resonance Volumetric Quantification of Vestibular Endolymphatic Hydrops in Patients with Unilateral Definite Meniere's Disease Using 3D Inversion Recovery with Real Reconstruction (3D-REAL-IR) Sequence.

Background: The 3D-REAL-IR MRI sequence allows for an in vivo visualization of endolymphatic hydrops. Qualitative assessment methods of the severity of vestibular and cochlear hydrops are the most commonly used.

Methods: A quantitative volumetric measurement of vestibular EH in patients with definite unilateral Ménière's disease using the 3D-REAL-IR sequence and the calculation of the endolymphatic ratio (ELR) was intended.

Clinical Outcomes of Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Secondary Stiff Shoulder.

Purpose: To assess the clinical outcomes of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for secondary stiff shoulder (SSS).

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data performed between January 2017 and December 2019. This study comprised 25 patients (20 women and 5 men; median age, 49 years; range 27-59) with SSS resistant to conservative management during at least 3 months.

Mid-Term Results of Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Adhesive Capsulitis Resistant to Conservative Treatment.

Purpose: To evaluate the mid-term clinical outcomes of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for adhesive capsulitis (AC) resistant to medical treatments.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective analysis performed between February 2016 and February 2020. Inclusion criteria for TAE were shoulder pain, restriction of movement and no response to conservative treatment for at least 3 months.

Kinematic reconstruction in cardiovascular imaging.

Objective: Advances in clinical applications of computed tomography have been accompanied by improvements in advanced post-processing tools. In addition to multiplanar reconstructions, curved planar reconstructions, maximum intensity projections, and volumetric reconstructions, very recently kinematic reconstruction has been developed. This new technique, based on mathematical models that simulate the propagation of light beams through a volume of data, makes it possible to obtain very realistic three dimensional images.

Elective and Emergency Renal Angiomyolipoma Embolization with Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer: Feasibility and Initial Experience.

Purpose: To report preliminary experience with angiomyolipoma (AML) transcatheter arterial embolization using ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer liquid embolic agent.

Materials And Methods: Embolization was performed in 22 consecutive patients (mean age, 53.5 y; 16 women and 6 men) for symptomatic AMLs or AMLs > 4 cm.

Knee lymphocutaneous fistula secondary to knee arthroplasty.

Lower limb lymphorrhea secondary to a surgical procedure is a rare but difficult-to-solve complication. In lower limb, this entity is frequently associated with vascular procedures around the inguinal area. We report on a case of a knee lymphocutaneous fistula secondary to a knee revision arthroplasty.

Optimising the preoperative planning of deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps for breast reconstruction.

Objectives: Preoperative planning of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps has become increasingly important in radiology services as multidetector CT angiography (CTA) has been proven to be the technique of choice. We aim to optimise the process, checking the value of the "Navarra criteria," assessing radiological and surgical concordance.

Methods: Preoperative CTA was obtained in 105 DIEP flaps involving 101 women (mean age 49.

Hepatic venous outflow obstruction after transplantation: outcomes for treatment with self-expanding stents.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and patency of self-expanding stents to treat hepatic venous outflow obstruction after orthotopic liver transplantation. To evaluate differences in the response between patients with early obstruction and patients with late obstruction.

Material And Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 16 patients with hepatic venous outflow obstruction after liver transplantation treated with stents (1996-2011).

Selective arterial embolization with ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer for control of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding: feasibility and initial experience.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and clinical outcomes of superselective embolization using ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx Liquid Embolic System; ev3 Neurovascular, Irvine, California) as the primary treatment for acute and massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB).

Materials And Methods: Between January 2008 and October 2013, all patients with focal massive LGIB who were treated by embolization were retrospectively analyzed. The study was approved by the hospital's ethics committee; informed consent was obtained in all cases.

Sclerosis and varicocele embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate: experience in 41 patients.

Background: Embolization is an established treatment for varicocele. Coils are most frequently used in the procedure. Liquid embolic and sclerosing agents seem to have a number of advantages over coils.

Non-invasive vascular imaging in perforator flap surgery.

Preoperative imaging using a range of imaging modalities has become increasingly popular for preoperative planning in plastic surgery, in particular in perforator flap surgery. Modalities in this role include ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and computed tomographic angiography (CTA). The evidence for the use of these techniques has been reported in only a handful of studies.

Preoperative imaging for perforator flaps in reconstructive surgery: a systematic review of the evidence for current techniques.

Background: Although preoperative imaging of perforator vasculature in planning microvascular reconstruction is commonplace, there has not been any clear demonstration of the evidence for this practice, or data comparing the many available modalities in an evidence-based approach. This article aims to provide an objective, evidence-based review of the literature on this subject.

Methods: The evidence supporting the use of various modalities of imaging was investigated by performing focused searches of the PubMed and Medline databases.

"Choke" vessels between vascular territories of the abdominal wall: literature review and rare case of Leriche's syndrome.

We undertook a review of the anatomical changes of "choke" vessels between the internal thoracic artery (ITA) and deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA), as highlighted by a case of aortoiliac occlusive disease (Leriche's syndrome), and discuss the physiological concepts observed with regard to surgical delay procedures within the abdominal wall performed prior to abdominal cutaneous free flaps and coronary artery bypass grafting. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was undertaken on a patient with a rare case of Leriche's syndrome and a literature review of over 200 references on the anatomy, physiology and clinical uses of choke vessels in the abdominal wall was undertaken. The CTA demonstrated that in patients with Leriche's syndrome, there is a marked dilatation of all ITA-DIEA pathways and increased flow through choke vessels.

Autologous microsurgical breast reconstruction and coronary artery bypass grafting: an anatomical study and clinical implications.

Objective: To identify possible avenues of sparing the internal mammary artery (IMA) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in women undergoing autologous breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flaps.

Background: Optimal autologous reconstruction of the breast and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are often mutually exclusive as they both require utilisation of the IMA as the preferred arterial conduit. Given the prevalence of both breast cancer and coronary artery disease, this is an important issue for women's health as women with DIEP flap reconstructions and women at increased risk of developing coronary artery disease are potentially restricted from receiving this reconstructive option should the other condition arise.

The anatomy and variations of the internal thoracic (internal mammary) artery and implications in autologous breast reconstruction: clinical anatomical study and literature review.

Background: The internal thoracic (IT) vessels (otherwise known as the thoracica interna or internal mammary vessels) are widely used as recipient vessels in autologous breast reconstruction. Despite this, normal and pathological variations in IT artery architecture have been described, and these have the potential to complicate dissection and the selection of suitable vessels.

Methods: A clinical anatomical study of 240 IT arteries (120 patients) and review of the literature was undertaken.