Orbital Bone Fracture Repair Evaluation Through 3-Dimensional Computational Reconstruction and Orbital Volumetric Assessment.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) models generated from computed tomography (CT) images efficiently and accurately complement surgical comprehension. Additionally, computer modeling provides a substrate for comparative analysis of the treated orbit volume. This study aimed to investigate cases of orbital bone fractures with regard to orbital-defect correction, through 3D computational structural modeling and evaluation of orbital volume.

Impact of Dietary Niacin on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Mediterranean Subjects: A Population-Based Study.

Background: The impact of dietary niacin on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is elusive. This sub-study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary niacin intake and the presence of MASLD in participants from two Catalonian cohorts.

Methods: A total of 222 subjects with MASLD were age- and sex-matched to 222 non-MASLD subjects.

Speech Outcomes After Primary Palatoplasty and Presurgical Cleft Characteristics: Is There a Predictive Association?

Speech disorders related to cleft lip and palate exhibit different degrees of involvement and can occur even after primary palate repair. Hypernasality can be present as a result of velopharyngeal insufficiency, as well as nasal emission, weak pressure, articulatory errors and facial grimace, affecting speech intelligibility. Palatoplasty outcomes can be variable, and among the influencing factors are the surgical technique, the surgeon's experience, the postoperative care, and the patient/cleft characteristics.

Alveolar Bone Graft Supplemented With Stromal Vascular Fraction in Patients With Permanent Dentition: A Randomized Study.

Objective: To evaluate bone development in patients with alveolar clefts and permanent dentition treated with alveolar bone graft supplemented with stromal vascular fraction (SVF).

Design: Clinical, prospective, randomized.

Location: Single tertiary care institution.

Mediterranean Diet Is a Predictor of Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in a Mediterranean Population: The ILERVAS Prospective Cohort Study.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a major health issue, often developing silently as subclinical atherosclerotic disease (SAD). The Mediterranean diet (MDiet) is known for its cardiovascular benefits, but the combined influence of both MDiet adherence and physical activity (PA) on SAD progression has not been previously documented. We aimed to investigate how adherence to a healthy lifestyle, defined as MDiet adherence and PA level, influences SAD progression in subjects from the ILERVAS cohort follow-up.

Underreporting, Prevalence, and Epidemiological Trends of Orofacial Clefts in the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Cleft lip and palate are the most common congenital anomalies of the cranial segment worldwide. Particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, these conditions are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, socioeconomic challenges, and considerable psychological and social integration difficulties for affected individuals. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with these conditions treated at a newly established specialized center in the Brazilian Amazonian Region.

Timely Access for Orofacial Cleft Repairs in a Brazilian Amazon Center.

Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies worldwide, and if not managed in a timely manner, can lead to significant complications. We aim to examine surgical timing at one of the few cleft care centers in the North region of Brazil since its foundation in 2016. This retrospective, descriptive study analyzed medical records from 2016 to 2023.

Expansion of national surgical, obstetric, and anaesthesia plans in Latin America: can Brazil be next?

On the sidelines of the 75th Session of the Regional Committee of the World Health Organization for the Americas, the Republic of Ecuador hosted an event to expand on National Surgical, Obstetric, and Anaesthesia Plans (NSOAPs). NSOAPs are policy frameworks that offer governments a pathway to incorporate surgical planning into their overall health strategies. In Latin America, Ecuador became the first country to lead the development of an NSOAP and is fostering regional efforts for other Latin American countries to have sustainable surgical strengthening plans.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cleft Lip/Palate Surgery in Brazil: Assessing the Current Landscape.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 and the current situation for cleft lip/palate treatment surgeries within Brazil's public health system.

Design: Our retrospective study analyzed CL/P corrective surgeries in Brazil's health system using DATASUS TabNet data from March 2020 to December 2022, with historical data from January 2016 to February 2020. We employed ARIMA analysis to estimate pandemic-related surgery cancellations.

Therapeutic implications for sphingolipid metabolism in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a leading cause of chronic liver disease, has increased worldwide along with the epidemics of obesity and related dysmetabolic conditions characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). MASLD can be defined as an excessive accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes that occurs when the hepatic lipid metabolism is totally surpassed. This metabolic lipid inflexibility constitutes a central node in the pathogenesis of MASLD and is frequently linked to the overproduction of lipotoxic species, increased cellular stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Impact of High-Fat Diet and Exercise on Bone and Bile Acid Metabolism in Rats.

Bile acids help facilitate intestinal lipid absorption and have endocrine activity in glucose, lipid and bone metabolism. Obesity and exercise influence bile acid metabolism and have opposite effects in bone. This study investigates if regular exercise helps mitigate the adverse effects of obesity on bone, potentially by reversing alterations in bile acid metabolism.

The Link between Abdominal Obesity Indices and the Progression of Liver Fibrosis: Insights from a Population-Based Study.

There is currently no available information on the correlation between abdominal obesity indices and the risk of liver fibrosis progression. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the visceral adiposity index (VAI) with the progression of liver fibrosis. The study also evaluated the association between these indices and the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and liver fibrosis.

The role of functional vitamin D deficiency and low vitamin D reservoirs in relation to cardiovascular health and mortality.

Objectives: The role of vitamin D deficiency in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is controversial. Inherent biological and analytical limitations compromise the specificity of widely used 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] cut-offs. Simultaneous determination of 25(OH)D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)D] permits a functional assessment of vitamin D metabolism.

Hemiarhinia caused by a missense variation in SMCHD1: A mild phenotype in the clinical spectrum of Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome.

Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome (BAMS, OMIM #603457) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous variation in the SMCHD1 gene on chromosome 18p11. Clinically, it is characterized by microphthalmia, absence or hypoplasia of nose, choanal atresia, anosmia, palatal abnormalities, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and cryptorchidism. Here we report a Brazilian patient with a likely pathogenic variation in SMCHD1 gene (c.

Predisposing risk factors for cleft lip and palate in an Amazonian population by focusing on nutritional factors: A case-control study.

Background: Orofacial clefts (OFC) are the most common congenital malformation of the craniofacial skeleton. Attempts have been made to correlate the components of maternal diet as triggers for the development or prevention of OFC.

Objective: To analyze nutritional status as a predictive factor for the development of cleft lip and palate in an Amazonian population.

A sparse quantized hopfield network for online-continual memory.

An important difference between brains and deep neural networks is the way they learn. Nervous systems learn online where a stream of noisy data points are presented in a non-independent, identically distributed way. Further, synaptic plasticity in the brain depends only on information local to synapses.

Lipidome characterisation and sex-specific differences in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: In this study, we evaluated the lipidome alterations caused by type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), by determining lipids significantly associated with diabetes overall and in both sexes, and lipids associated with the glycaemic state.

Methods: An untargeted lipidomic analysis was performed to measure the lipid profiles of 360 subjects (91 T1D, 91 T2D, 74 with prediabetes and 104 controls (CT)) without cardiovascular and/or chronic kidney disease. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS) was conducted in two ion modes (positive and negative).

Early nutritional risk detection and intervention in COVID-19 hospitalized patients through the implementation of electronic automatized alarms.

Introduction: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients may present acute malnutrition which could influence morbidity and mortality. In the first wave of the pandemic severe weight loss was observed in many hospitalized patients. This pilot study evaluates the usefulness of an electronic automatized alarm for the early quantification of a low food intake as a predictor of the risk of malnutrition using COVID-19 disease as a model of severe illness.