Evaluation of preoperative rectus sheath block with bupivacaine for analgesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy: a cadaveric and randomized clinical study.

Objective: Phase 1: to determine the feasibility of desensitizing ventral branches of spinal nerves within the rectus sheath using an ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block (USRSB). Phase 2: to determine the effect of preoperative USRSB on intraoperative responses to surgical stimulation and postoperative pain.

Study Design: Cadaveric study and prospective, randomized, blinded, parallel-arm clinical trial.

Effect of the reverse Trendelenburg position on the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux in dogs anesthetized for elective stifle surgery.

Objective: To determine if a 15° reverse Trendelenburg position decreases the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) compared with a horizontal position in dogs anesthetized for stifle surgery.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized parallel-arm study.

Animals: A total of 44 healthy client-owned dogs were enrolled and data from 36 dogs were analyzed.

Role of CD38/cADPR signaling in obstructive pulmonary diseases.

The worldwide socioeconomical burden associated with chronic respiratory diseases is substantial. Enzymes involved in the metabolism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) are increasingly being implicated in chronic airway diseases. One such enzyme, CD38, utilizes NAD to produce several metabolites, including cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), which is involved in calcium signaling in airway smooth muscle (ASM).

Controlled, non-inferiority trial of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension.

Objectives: Recently, a bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension (BLIS) became commercially available in the veterinary market that may provide local analgesia for 72 h. The purpose of this study was to compare a BLIS incisional block with a control protocol in cats after ovariohysterectomy (OHE). The hypothesis was that a BLIS block would provide equivalent pain relief.

Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates eosinophil recruitment and food allergen-induced gastrointestinal inflammation.

Prevalence of food allergies in the United States is on the rise. Eosinophils are recruited to the intestinal mucosa in substantial numbers in food allergen-driven gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is known to play a pro-inflammatory role during inflammation by metabolizing anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to pro-inflammatory diols.

Desflurane and sevoflurane elimination kinetics and recovery quality in horses.

Objective: To evaluate pharmacokinetics, recovery times, and recovery quality in horses anesthetized with 1.2 times the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane or desflurane.

Animals: 6 healthy adult horses.

CD38 and airway hyper-responsiveness: studies on human airway smooth muscle cells and mouse models.

Asthma is an inflammatory disease in which altered calcium regulation, contractility, and airway smooth muscle (ASM) proliferation contribute to airway hyper-responsiveness and airway wall remodeling. The enzymatic activity of CD38, a cell-surface protein expressed in human ASM cells, generates calcium mobilizing second messenger molecules such as cyclic ADP-ribose. CD38 expression in human ASM cells is augmented by cytokines (e.

Airway responsiveness in CD38-deficient mice in allergic airway disease: studies with bone marrow chimeras.

CD38 is a cell-surface protein involved in calcium signaling and contractility of airway smooth muscle. It has a role in normal airway responsiveness and in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) developed following airway exposure to IL-13 and TNF-α but appears not to be critical to airway inflammation in response to the cytokines. CD38 is also involved in T cell-mediated immune response to protein antigens.

Effects of pre-operative administration of medetomidine on plasma insulin and glucose concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with insulinoma.

Objective: To investigate the effect of medetomidine on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in dogs with insulinoma and in healthy dogs undergoing anesthesia and surgery.

Animals: Twenty-five dogs with insulinoma and 26 healthy dogs.

Methods: In dogs with insulinoma, medetomidine (5 μg kg(-1) ) was randomly included (n = 12) or omitted (n = 13) from the pre-anesthetic medication protocol, which typically contained an opioid and an anticholinergic.

Potential role of the CD38/cADPR signaling pathway as an underlying mechanism of the effects of medetomidine on insulin and glucose homeostasis.

Objective: To investigate the CD38/cADPR signaling pathway as possible underlying mechanism of the effects of medetomidine on insulin and glucose homeostasis.

Animals: Thirty-two C57BL/6 mice of both sexes.

Methods: Wild-type (WT) and CD38-knockout (CD38(-/-) ) mice received medetomidine (50 μg kg(-1) ) or a similar volume of 0.

Use of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor as an adjunctive analgesic in a horse with laminitis.

History: A 4-year old, 500 kg Thoroughbred female horse diagnosed with bilateral forelimb laminitis and cellulitis on the left forelimb became severely painful and refractory to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy (flunixin meglumine on days 1, 2, 3 and 4; and phenylbutazone on days 5, 6 and 7) alone or in combination with gabapentin (days 6 and 7).

Physical Examination: Pain scores assessed independently by three individuals with a visual analog scale (VAS; 0 = no pain and 10 = worst possible pain) were 8.5 on day 6, and it increased to 9.

Effect of ketamine hydrochloride on the analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride in horses with signs of chronic laminitis-associated pain.

Objective: To investigate the effects of ketamine hydrochloride on the analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride in horses with signs of pain associated with naturally occurring chronic laminitis.

Animals: 15 client-owned adult horses with chronic laminitis.

Procedures: Each horse received tramadol alone or tramadol and ketamine in a randomized, crossover study (≥ 2 months between treatments).

Role of CD38 in TNF-alpha-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.

CD38 is involved in normal airway function, IL-13-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and is also regulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. This study aimed to determine whether TNF-alpha-induced CD38 upregulation in ASM cells contributes to AHR, a hallmark of asthma. We hypothesized that AHR would be attenuated in TNF-alpha-exposed CD38-deficient (CD38KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) controls.

CD38-deficient mice have reduced airway hyperresponsiveness following IL-13 challenge.

The transmembrane glycoprotein CD38 in airway smooth muscle is the source of cyclic-ADP ribose, an intracellular calcium-releasing molecule, and is subject to regulatory effects of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-13, a cytokine implicated in asthma. We investigated the role of CD38 in airway hyperresponsiveness using a mouse model of IL-13-induced airway disease. Wild-type (WT) and CD38-deficient (CD38KO) mice were intranasally challenged with 5 microg of IL-13 three times on alternate days under isoflurane anesthesia.

Effects of preoperative epidural administration of racemic ketamine for analgesia in sheep undergoing surgery.

Objective: To investigate the effects of preoperative epidural administration of racemic ketamine to provide analgesia in sheep undergoing experimental hind limb orthopedic surgery.

Animals: 12 adult sheep (weight range, 51.4 to 67.

Evaluation of histamine release during constant rate infusion of morphine in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate histamine release and selected physiologic variables during constant rate infusion (CRI) of morphine in dogs.

Animals: Five healthy, conscious, intact female dogs.

Material And Methods: Using a Latin square, repeated-measures design, dogs were randomly assigned to three treatment groups to receive a 4-hour CRI of saline (SAL), or a loading dose of morphine at 0.

Altered airway responsiveness in CD38-deficient mice.

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) mobilizes calcium from intracellular stores and contributes to agonist-induced intracellular calcium elevation in airway smooth muscle (ASM). In this study we determined the functional role of CD38/cADPR signaling in the regulation of airway tone using CD38 deficient (cd38(-/-)) mice. The responsiveness to different doses of methacholine, as determined by changes in lung resistance and dynamic compliance, was significantly (P < or = 0.

Epidural administration of tiletamine/zolazepam in horses.

Objectives: To evaluate the analgesic, physiologic, and behavioral effects of the epidural administration of tiletamine/zolazepam in horses.

Study Design: Prospective, double-blind, randomized experimental study.

Animals: Five adult, healthy horses aged 10-16 years and weighing (mean +/- SD) 400 +/- 98 kg.