In vitro characterisation of the patient-specific haemodynamics of an extracranial peripheral arteriovenous malformation using PIV.

Peripheral Arteriovenous Malformations (pAVMs) are congenital vascular anomalies characterised by abnormal connections between arteries and veins that bypass the capillary network. This bypass results on a high-flow and low resistance vascular structure termed nidus. The high-flow and complex angioarchitecture of pAVMs makes treatment challenging and often suboptimal, as evidenced by high recurrence rates.

Hemodynamic evaluation of Norwood aortic arch geometry compared to native arch controls.

The Norwood procedure creates a reconstructed neo-aorta to provide unobstructed systemic cardiac output (CO) for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) patients. We used patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations incorporating physiologic boundary conditions to quantify hemodynamics for reconstructed aortic arch geometries versus native aortic arches from a control group of single ventricle patients. We hypothesized that reconstructed arches from Norwood patients (n=5) would experience significant differences in time-averaged wall shear stress normalized to body surface area (TAWSSnBSA), oscillatory shear index (OSI), energy efficiency (Eeff), and energy loss (EL) versus controls (n=3).