An economic evaluation of eptinezumab for the preventive treatment of migraine in the UK, with consideration for natural history and work productivity.

Background: Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological disease with a substantial societal burden due to lost productivity. From a societal perspective, we assessed the cost-effectiveness of eptinezumab for the preventive treatment of migraine.

Methods: An individual patient simulation of discrete competing events was developed to evaluate eptinezumab cost-effectiveness compared to best supportive care for adults in the United Kingdom with ≥ 4 migraine days per month and prior failure of ≥ 3 preventive migraine treatments.

Learning from past in the aircraft maintenance industry: An empirical evaluation in the safety management framework.

The growth of commercial air transport arguably translates into more aging passenger aircraft queuing up for major maintenance, modifications, and/or freighter conversion with the aircraft maintenance industry. In the competitive business environment, this increased maintenance demand possesses the potential to stress the industry and make safety vulnerable. In the aircraft maintenance industry, several aircraft accidents and incidents have resulted from organizational failure to learn from the past.

Detection of Epileptic Seizure Using Accelerometer Time Series Data and Hidden Markov Model.

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological diseases globally, which causes seizures in the patient. As per a survey done worldwide, it is found that approximately 70 million people are living with epilepsy (~1% of the total population of the world). Effective detection of these seizures requires specialized approaches such as video and electroencephalography monitoring, which are expensive and are mainly available at specialized hospitals and institutes.

Efficacy of erenumab and factors predicting response after 3 months in treatment resistant chronic migraine: a clinical service evaluation.

Background: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitors have been developed as options for treatment of chronic and episodic migraine. We present our experience of the use of erenumab in a tertiary headache centre.

Methods: This was a prospective clinical audit of all patients commenced on erenumab following a locally agreed pathway and criteria over a consecutive period.

Chronic Migraine: An Update on Diagnosis and Management.

Background: Chronic migraine is an under-recognized and under-treated disorder. A greater understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine and transformation to chronic migraine has led to the first targeted treatments for chronic migraine. In this review, we review current approaches to the diagnosis and management of chronic migraine and discuss recent and emerging novel therapies.

Substantia nigra micro-haemorrhage causing ipsilateral unilateral Parkinsonism and abnormal dopamine transporter scan uptake.

Parkinsonism is a commonly seen movement disorder syndrome with neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative causes. Presynaptic dopamine transporter (DaT) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging is the most commonly used imaging technique in clinical practice to differentiate degenerative Parkinson's disease (PD) and PD plus syndromes from other causes such as essential tremor and drug-induced parkinsonism. This can help identify the patients who would benefit from medical therapy due to underlying pre-synaptic dopaminergic deficits.

Differential efficacy of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for the acute treatment of episodic and chronic cluster headache: A meta-analysis.

Background: Two randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trials (ACT1, ACT2) evaluated non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) as acute treatment for cluster headache. We analyzed pooled ACT1/ACT2 data to increase statistical power and gain insight into the differential efficacy of nVNS in episodic and chronic cluster headache.

Methods: Data extracted from ACT1 and ACT2 were pooled using a fixed-effects model.

Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for the acute treatment of episodic and chronic cluster headache: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled ACT2 study.

Background Clinical observations and results from recent studies support the use of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for treating cluster headache (CH) attacks. This study compared nVNS with a sham device for acute treatment in patients with episodic or chronic CH (eCH, cCH). Methods After completing a 1-week run-in period, subjects were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive nVNS or sham therapy during a 2-week double-blind period.

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome secondary to caffeine withdrawal.

We describe a 39-year-old man who developed thunderclap headaches during a hospital admission for accidental superficial burns. His magnetic resonance brain imaging was normal expect for diffuse segmental vasoconstriction. Prior to admission, he was consuming excessive amounts of caffeine which was restarted and slowly tapered and stopped over weeks.

Study of Inter-relationship of Depression, Seizure Frequency and Quality of Life of People with Epilepsy in India.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that can have profound physical, social and psychological consequences. We aimed to assess the clinical predictors of quality of life of people with epilepsy. We recruited 31 patients suffering from epilepsy in this cross-sectional study.

Possible Correlation of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases with Rh type and ABO Blood Group System.

Background: Screening of blood is mandatory for transfusion transmitted diseases and is routinely done in the blood banks. As blood is the major source transmission of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus & many other diseases the hazards can be minimised by effective donor selection and screening.

Aim: To find out the correlation between the transfusion transmitted diseases and blood groups and the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV & syphilis among the apparently healthy human blood donors.

New daily persistent headache.

New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a chronic headache developing in a person who does not have a past history of headaches. The headache begins acutely and reaches its peak within 3 days. It is important to exclude secondary causes, particularly headaches due to alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and volume.

Impact of GP direct-access computerised tomography for the investigation of chronic daily headache.

Background: Chronic daily headache is a major healthcare problem, with significant resource implications for specialist services. Since 1999, GPs in Greater Glasgow have had direct access to computerised tomography (CT) for investigation of chronic daily headache.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to assess the significance of pathology, impact of the service, and GP satisfaction.

Evidence base for the medical treatments used in cluster headache.

Cluster headache (CH) is a strictly unilateral headache that occurs in association with cranial autonomic features. It is an excruciating syndrome and is probably one of the most painful conditions known to exist, with some female patients describing each attack as being worse than childbirth. CH responds to specific therapies, thereby underlying the importance of distinguishing it from other primary headache syndromes and initiating appropriate treatments.

Herbal remedies, dietary supplements, and seizures.

The use of herbal remedies and dietary supplements is widespread throughout the world, and use may be increasing. These are taken for a wide range of perceived benefits, such as energy and memory enhancement and treatment of specific conditions. Individuals with and without epilepsy may use these substances and may not inform their treating physician unless specifically asked.