Three-dimensional nuclear architecture distinguishes thyroid cancer histotypes.

Molecular markers can serve as diagnostic tools to support pathological analysis in thyroid neoplasms. However, because the same markers can be observed in some benign thyroid lesions, additional approaches are necessary to differentiate thyroid tumor subtypes, prevent overtreatment and tailor specific clinical management. This applies particularly to the recently described variant of thyroid cancer referred to as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP).

Tranexamic acid in head and neck procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the benefits of tranexamic acid (TXA) among cancer patients undergoing head and neck (H&N) procedures.

Methods: We screened five databases from inception until 20 June 2021 and evaluated the risk of bias of the eligible studies. We pooled continuous outcomes using the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Glutamine for prevention and alleviation of radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated glutamine efficacy in preventing and alleviating radiation-induced oral mucositis (OM) among patients with head and neck (H&N) cancer. We screened five databases from inception till February 4, 2021 and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We included 11 RCTs, comprising 922 patients (458 and 464 patients were assigned to glutamine and control group, respectively).

Risk for Thyroid Cancer Recurrence Is Higher in Men Than in Women Independent of Disease Stage at Presentation.

Well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) presents at a more advanced stage in men than in women, and the mortality in men is higher than that in women. However, it is not clear whether DTC recurrence is affected by sex independent of stage at presentation. The objective of the present study was to assess if male sex is an independent risk factor for recurrence of DTC.

A prospective cohort study to assess the role of FDG-PET in differentiating benign and malignant follicular neoplasms.

Background: Follicular and Hürthle cell neoplasms are diagnostic challenges. This prospective study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy--glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in predicting the risk of malignancy in follicular/Hürthle cell neoplasms.

Materials And Methods: Fifty thyroid nodules showing follicular/Hürthle cell neoplasm on prior ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were recruited into this study.

Development of a standardized flow cytometric method to conduct longitudinal analyses of intracellular CD3ζ expression in patients with head and neck cancer.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common neoplasm in the world. The follow-up protocols currently available do not appear to diagnose treatment failures and recurrences early enough to provide the best treatment to improve the survival rates of patients. The identification of biomarkers may aid in diagnosing, monitoring the progression, or predicting treatment outcomes in HNSCC.

An International Multi-Institutional Validation of Age 55 Years as a Cutoff for Risk Stratification in the AJCC/UICC Staging System for Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Background: Age is a critical factor in outcome for patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Currently, age 45 years is used as a cutoff in staging, although there is increasing evidence to suggest this may be too low. The aim of this study was to assess the potential for changing the cut point for the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) staging system from 45 years to 55 years based on a combined international patient cohort supplied by individual institutions.

Transient early increase in thyroglobulin levels post-radioiodine ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

Objectives: Treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) includes surgical thyroidectomy and, in most cases, radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation. Measurement of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels is used for assessing disease burden and identifying persistent-recurrent DTC. This prospective study determined the Tg profile before and after RAI-ablation in patients with DTC.

Mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in cancer (stem) cells with emphasis on thyroid cancer cells.

The two main reasons for death of cancer patients, tumor recurrence and metastasis, are multi-stage cellular processes that involve increased cell plasticity and coincide with elevated resistance to anti-cancer treatments. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key contributor to metastasis in many cancer types, including thyroid cancer and is known to confer stem cell-like properties onto cancer cells. This review provides an overview of molecular mechanisms and factors known to contribute to cancer cell plasticity and capable of enhancing cancer cell resistance to radio- and chemotherapy.

Lentiviral vector-based therapy in head and neck cancer (Review).

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common neoplasm worldwide. Despite advances in multimodality treatments involving surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, the five-year survival rate has remained at ~50% for the past 35 years. Therefore, the early detection of recurrent or persistent disease is extremely important.

The changing face of thyroid cancer in a population-based cohort.

In North America, the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing by over 6% per year. We studied the trends and factors influencing thyroid cancer incidence, its clinical presentation, and treatment outcome during 1970-2010 in a population-based cohort of 2306 consecutive thyroid cancers in Canada, that was followed up for a median period of 10.5 years.

Prognostic nomograms to predict oncological outcome of thyroid cancers.

Context: Thyroid cancers represent a conglomerate of diverse histological types with equally variable prognosis. There is no reliable prognostic model to predict the risks of relapse and death for different types of thyroid cancers.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to build prognostic nomograms to predict individualized risks of relapse and death of thyroid cancer within 10 years of diagnosis based on patients' prognostic factors.

The age factor in survival of a population cohort of well-differentiated thyroid cancer.

Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) represents a group of thyroid cancers with excellent prognosis. Age, a well-recognized risk factor for WDTC, has been consistently included in various prognostic scoring systems. An age threshold of 45 years is currently used by the American Joint Cancer Committee-TNM staging system for the risk stratification of patients.

Clinicopathological and prognostic implications of genetic alterations in oral cancers.

This study evaluated the clinicopathological and prognostic implications of genetic alterations characterizing oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC). Comparative genomic hybridization(CGH) was used to identify chromosomal alterations present in primary OSCCs obtained from 97 pateints. In this population, tobacco use was a significant risk factor for OSCC.

Proteomic profiling of cancer of the gingivo-buccal complex: Identification of new differentially expressed markers.

Tobacco-related oral cancer is the most common cancer among Indian males, gingivo-buccal complex (GBC) being the most affected subsite due to the habit of chewing tobacco. Proteins from the lysates of microdissected normal and transformed epithelium from clinically well-characterized tissue samples of the GBC were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify differentially expressed proteins. Eleven protein spots showed differential expression, which could withstand the stringency of statistical evaluation.

Lateral approach to central compartment of neck.

Revision surgery in central compartment of neck is often a challenge for the head and neck surgical oncologists/endocrine surgeons. This is often required for completion thyroidectomies, central compartment lymph node dissections, and re-exploration for persistent hyperparathyroidism. Scarring in midline due to prior surgery makes midline access to central compartment difficult and increases the risk of injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands.

Marginal mandibulectomy: 11 years of institutional experience.

Purpose: Literature on marginal mandibulectomy deals mainly with floor of mouth cancers. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the oncologic outcome of marginal mandibulectomy in buccal sulcus cancer as compared with floor of mouth cancer.

Patients And Methods: Chart review of 179 patients who underwent marginal mandibulectomy during 1993 to 2003 at Tata Memorial Hospital yielded 161 marginal mandibulectomies done for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Mechanisms involved in the down-regulation of TCR zeta chain in tumor versus peripheral blood of oral cancer patients.

Immune dysfunction is the hallmark of patients with oral cancer. Down-regulation of T cell receptor (TCR) zeta chain expression was observed in T cells from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. In peripheral blood, the decrease in TCR zeta chain showed an inverse correlation with the tumor stage as demonstrated by western blotting, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry.

Sternocleidomastoid muscle interposition to prevent carotid artery blowout.

Carotid blow-out syndrome is the most dreaded complication in head and neck surgical oncology practice This article describes a simple technique of interposition of sternocleidomastoid muscle between pharynx and carotid sheath to isolate the latter from salivary contamination in the event of salivary leak. Authors have used this technique in 83 laryngectomies with excellent results.

Impaired lymphocyte responses and their restoration in oral cancer patients expressing distinct TCR variable region.

We have analyzed TCR Vbeta gene usage and clonality of T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with oral cancer and healthy individuals. A large repertoire of clonal TCR Vbeta was observed in the peripheral blood of cancer patients, and this clonal expansion was dominantly represented in the CD8+ T cells. A marked decrease in the lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogen and anti-CD3 MAb and spontaneous apoptosis was observed in lymphocytes.

Tumor antigens eliciting autoantibody response in cancer of gingivo-buccal complex.

Cancer of the gingivo-buccal complex (GBC) is a major cancer in Indian men. This study reports the identification of tumor antigens, which elicit an antibody response in cancer of GBC using immunoproteomics. Proteins from KB cells separated by 2-D PAGE, were immunoblotted with IgG from sera of 28 cancer patients, 12 patients with leukoplakia, and 28 healthy individuals.