Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the Penn Spasm Frequency Scale in People with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury.

Study Design: Psychometric study.

Objectives: Evaluate the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the Penn Spasm Frequency Scale (PSFS) in people with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: Community setting.

Abnormalities of the lymphocyte subsets and their immunophenotype, and their prognostic significance in adult patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a final common pathway resulting from diverse immune processes. Most of the current understanding of HLH is based on studies involving pediatric patients (pHLH). Adult HLH (aHLH) is distinct from pHLH, with less frequent genetic basis, higher frequency of chemo-resistance and a higher mortality.

Aberrant expression of CD13 identifies a subgroup of standard-risk adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia with inferior survival.

Background: The standard-risk (SR) subgroup of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults (aALL) is a heterogeneous category, with a 20% to 40% relapse rate and a wide range of relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). There is a need to identify at the outset those patients with SR-aALL who are likely to have shorter RFS and OS, so they can be treated more aggressively.

Patients And Methods: Flow cytometric data of 81 patients with SR-aALL treated with a standardized protocol were retrospectively analyzed.