Costs and consequences of botulinum toxin type A use. Management of children with cerebral palsy in Germany.

This study was a retrospective survey of the management of a cohort of children with cerebral palsy at Seepark Hospital, Germany, who did (cases; n=107) and did not (controls; n=107) receive botulinum toxin injections. Data on healthcare resource use and clinical outcomes over 12 months were collected from the date cases received their first injection and from the date controls were first admitted into hospital. Botulinum toxin use led to an 85% reduction in the number of children requiring surgery.

[A typology for nursing processes exemplified by the "Nursing Process, Standardization and Quality in the Nursing Care Sector" Project].

This paper is based on the project "nursing process, standardisation and quality in nursing care" which is funded by the BMBF. This venture aims to develop and constitute a structure for recordation and documentation of nursing processes in terms of a typology and to standardise patients data for an exchange. The typology results from both the outcomes of the actual analysis of 128 patients in hospitals, homes for the elderly and community health care centers and the research on nursing classifications.