Decoding high mobility group A2 protein expression regulation and implications in human cancers.

High Mobility Group A2 (HMGA2) oncofetal proteins are a distinct category of Transcription Factors (TFs) known as "architectural factors" due to their lack of direct transcriptional activity. Instead, they modulate the three-dimensional structure of chromatin by binding to AT-rich regions in the minor grooves of DNA through their AT-hooks. This binding allows HMGA2 to interact with other proteins and different regions of DNA, thereby regulating the expression of numerous genes involved in carcinogenesis.

Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio as novel risk markers for diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus causes serious complications such as diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is now the most common reason of chronic kidney disease. Inflammation plays a crucial role in development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.

S100A14 serum level and its correlation with prognostic factors in breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide. S100A14 is a novel important member of S100 proteins family. Its importance is due to its role in tumorigenesis and metastasis process.

Measuring levels of osteopontin as potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma in Syrian patients.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate plasma osteopontin (OPN) levels as a potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Background: Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycoprotein that is associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis.

Methods: We measured plasma levels of OPN in 26 HCC patients, 27 patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD), and 15 healthy control individuals using a standardized ELISA kit.