Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST): British Sarcoma Group clinical practice guidelines.

Background: British Sarcoma Group guidelines for the management of GIST were initially informed by those published by the European Society of Clinical Oncology. This update was written by a group of experts to includes a discussion of the highlight improvements in our knowledge of the disease and recent treatment developments. The guidelines include sections on Incidence, Aetiology, Diagnosis, including risk assessment, Treatment and Follow-up.

A pilot randomized clinical trial of γ-tocopherol supplementation on wood smoke-induced neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation.

Background: Air pollutants, including particulates from wood smoke, are a significant cause of exacerbation of lung disease. γ-Tocopherol is an anti-inflammatory isoform of vitamin E that has been shown to reduce allergen-, ozone-, and endotoxin-induced inflammation.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether γ-tocopherol would prevent experimental wood smoke-induced airway inflammation in humans.

Obesity dysregulates the pulmonary antiviral immune response.

Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for severe influenza infections but the mechanisms underlying susceptibility are poorly understood. Here, we identify that obese individuals have deficient pulmonary antiviral immune responses in bronchoalveolar lavage cells but not in bronchial epithelial cells or peripheral blood dendritic cells. We show that the obese human airway metabolome is perturbed with associated increases in the airway concentrations of the adipokine leptin which correlated negatively with the magnitude of ex vivo antiviral responses.

Celiac Disease: An Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence-Based Nutrition Practice Guideline.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system of genetically susceptible individuals elicits a reaction to gluten causing small intestine damage. If left undiagnosed and untreated, the resulting nutrition malabsorption can lead to anemia, bone disease, growth faltering, or other consequences. The condition is lifelong and lacks a cure; the only treatment is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD).

Examining the economic costs of crime associated with psychopathic personality disorder: A reply to Verona and Joyner (2022).

In our article, "How much does that cost? Examining the economic costs of crime in North America attributable to people with psychopathic personality disorder" (Gatner et al., 2023, pp. 391-400), we estimated that psychopathic personality disorder (PPD) was associated with substantial crime costs, using a top-down approach of national costs in the United States and Canada.

Plasma sterols and vitamin D are correlates and predictors of ozone-induced inflammation in the lung: A pilot study.

Background: Ozone (O3) exposure causes respiratory effects including lung function decrements, increased lung permeability, and airway inflammation. Additionally, baseline metabolic state can predispose individuals to adverse health effects from O3. For this reason, we conducted an exploratory study to examine the effect of O3 exposure on derivatives of cholesterol biosynthesis: sterols, oxysterols, and secosteroid (25-hydroxyvitamin D) not only in the lung, but also in circulation.

Biomechanical Comparison of Distal Biceps Tendon Repair Techniques: Extracortical Single-Button Inlay Fixation Versus Intracortical Double-Button Onlay Anatomic Footprint Fixation.

Background: Extracortical single-button (SB) inlay repair is a commonly used distal biceps tendon technique. However, complications (eg, neurovascular injury) and nonanatomic repairs have led to the development of intracortical fixation techniques.

Purpose: To compare the biomechanical stability of extracortical SB repair with an anatomic intracortical double-button (DB) repair technique.

Surveillance Post Surgery for Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

Complete en bloc surgical resection offers the best opportunity for the cure of primary retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS). The potential for disease recurrence, in the form of both loco-regional recurrence and distant metastases, underpins the rationale for postoperative surveillance. There is a paucity of high-quality evidence underpinning follow-up for RPS patients, and most practice guidelines draw from expert opinion and evidence from soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities.

Nasal biomarkers of immune function differ based on smoking and respiratory disease status.

Respiratory biomarkers have the potential to identify airway injury by revealing inflammatory processes within the respiratory tract. Currently, there are no respiratory biomarkers suitable for clinical use to identify patients that warrant further diagnostic work-up, counseling, and treatment for toxic inhalant exposures or chronic airway disease. Using a novel, noninvasive method of sampling the nasal epithelial lining fluid, we aimed to investigate if nasal biomarker patterns could distinguish healthy nonsmoking adults from active smokers and those with chronic upper and lower airway disease in this exploratory study.

Biomechanical analysis of plating techniques for unstable lateral clavicle fractures with coracoclavicular ligament disruption (Neer type IIB).

Background: Neer type IIB lateral clavicle fractures are inherently unstable fractures with associated disruption of the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments. Because of the high rate of nonunion and malunion, surgical fixation is recommended; however, no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal fixation method. A new plating technique using a superior lateral locking plate with anteroposterior (AP) locking screws, resulting in orthogonal fixation in the lateral fragment, has been designed to enhance stability and reduce implant failure.

Dealing with malignancy involving the inferior vena cava in the 21st century.

Introduction: Malignancies involving the inferior vena cava (IVC) have historically been considered not amendable to surgery. More recently, involvement of the IVC by neoplastic processes in the kidney, liver or in the retroperitoneum can be managed successfully.

Evidence Acquisition: In this systematic review we summarize the current evidence regarding the surgical management of the IVC in cases of involvement in neoplastic processes.

Emergency multivisceral resection for spontaneous haemorrhage rupture of huge solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas during pregnancy.

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare malignancy with a low malignant potential and strong female preponderance. Diagnosis during pregnancy is extraordinary, and management must consider the risks to the mother and foetus of tumour growth and rupture. A large 35-cm SPN was identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a 24-year-old woman at 6 weeks of gestation following presentation with an abdominal mass.

Retrospective Analysis of Retroperitoneal-Abdominal-Pelvic Ganglioneuromas: An International Study by the Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group (TARPSWG).

Objective: The Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group conducted a retrospective study on the disease course and clinical management of ganglioneuromas.

Background: Ganglioneuromas are rare tumors derived from neural crest cells. Data on these tumors remain limited to case reports and single-institution case series.

Fish oil blunts lung function decrements induced by acute exposure to ozone in young healthy adults: A randomized trial.

Background: Over one-third of the U.S. population is exposed to unsafe levels of ozone (O).

Evaluation of outcomes in the management of primary sporadic desmoid-type fibromatosis at a specialist soft tissue sarcoma unit.

Background: Desmoids are rare fibroblastic tumours whose treatment in any individual case presents a persistent challenge. We endeavoured to evaluate various clinicopathological factors contributing to tumour behaviour.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of 95 primary truncal sporadic fibromatosis managed between 2011 and 2020.

Management of Locally Recurrent Retroperitoneal Sarcoma in the Adult: An Updated Consensus Approach from the Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group.

Background: Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS), but local recurrence is common. Biologic behavior and recurrence patterns differ significantly among histologic types of RPS, with implications for management. The Transatlantic Australasian RPS Working Group (TARPSWG) published a consensus approach to primary RPS, and to complement this, one for recurrent RPS in 2016.

How much does that cost? Examining the economic costs of crime in North America attributable to people with psychopathic personality disorder.

Cost of illness research has established that mental disorders lead to significant social burden and massive financial costs. A significant gap exists for the economic burden of many personality disorders, including psychopathic personality disorder (PPD). In the current study, we used a top-down prevalence-based cost of illness approach to estimate bounded crime cost estimates of PPD in the United States and Canada.

Overall survival in abdominal wall sarcoma treated with curative intent surgery: A retrospective study from two European referral centres.

Introduction: Primary abdominal wall sarcomas are rare, heterogeneous tumours. The mainstay of management is surgery, although local recurrences (LR) and distant metastases (DM) are common.

Objectives: Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were primary outcomes; factors associated with prognosis secondary outcomes.

A new all-suture tension band tape fixation technique for simple olecranon fractures versus conventional tension band wire fixation: a comparative biomechanics study.

Hypothesis: Simple transverse or short oblique olecranon fractures without articular comminution are classified as Mayo type IIA fractures and are typically treated with a tension band wire construct. Because of the high reoperation rates, frequently because of prominent hardware, all-suture tension band constructs have been introduced. It was the purpose to compare the biomechanical performance of conventional tension band wire fixation with a new all-suture tension band tape fixation for simple olecranon fractures.

Airway IL-1β associates with IL-5 production following dust mite allergen inhalation in humans.

Background: Preclinical studies implicate interleukin (IL)-1β as a key mediator of asthma and have shown the efficacy of IL-1 antagonism for treatment of allergic airway inflammation; human studies in this area are lacking.

Objectives: Our aim was to study the relationship of airway IL-1β to features of acute allergen-induced asthma exacerbation in humans.

Methods: Dust mite-allergic adults with mild asthma underwent inhalation challenge with Dermatophagoides farinae.

Prognostic implications of histological organ involvement in retroperitoneal sarcoma.

Background: The prognostic significance of histological organ involvement by retroperitoneal sarcoma subtype is unknown. The present study aimed to describe organ involvement across the subtypes, and the implications for survival.

Methods: Patients undergoing surgery for primary retroperitoneal sarcoma at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham from April 2005 to September 2018 were identified retrospectively.