Long-term impact of COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic use in primary care: lessons to optimize antimicrobial use.

Background: Lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with changes in the pattern of use of antimicrobials, but persistence of changes after lockdowns has not been described. The objective was to describe the number of patients with dispensed antibiotic treatment and consumption of antibiotics in outpatients from primary care in Catalonia 18 months after the end of the emergency period.

Research Design And Methods: Data for the COVID-19 pandemic period was obtained from March 2020 to December 2021.

Cross-Sectional Survey on the Current Role of Clinical Pharmacists among Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes in Catalonia: Much Ado about Nothing.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance killed 1.27 million people in 2019, so urgent actions are desperately needed. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) are essential to optimize antimicrobial use.

Care bundle for the prevention of peripheral venous catheter blood stream infections at a secondary care university hospital: Implementation and results.

Background: Venous catheterization for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes is part of routine hospital practice, as approximately 70% of hospitalized patients have a peripheral venous catheter (PVC). This practice, however, can lead to both local complications, (e.g.

infection recurrence in the VINCat hospitals: a prospective observational cohort study.

The 2016 cumulative incidence of infection (CDI) in Spain was reported by the European Center for Disease Control to be above the mean of other European countries. The aim of this multicenter prospective observational cohort study was to examine the risk factors that determine 90-day CDI recurrence in Catalonia, Spain. The study included 558 consecutive adults admitted to hospital who had a symptomatic, first positive CDI diagnosis.

An interventional nationwide surveillance program lowers postoperative infection rates in elective colorectal surgery. A cohort study (2008-2019).

Background: Colorectal surgery is associated with the highest rate of surgical site infection (SSI). This study analyses the effectiveness of an interventional surveillance program on SSI rates after elective colorectal surgery.

Material And Methods: Cohort study showing temporal trends of SSI rates and Standardized Infection Ratio (SIR) in elective colorectal surgery over a 12-year period.

Impact of Generic Entry on Hospital Antimicrobial Use: A Retrospective Quasi-Experimental Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

Background: The impact of antimicrobials generic entry (GE) is controversial. Their introduction could provide an economic benefit yet may also increase their consumption, leading to a higher risk of resistance. Our aim was to analyze the impact of GE on trends of antimicrobial consumption in an acute-care hospital.

Antimicrobial Consumption among 66 Acute Care Hospitals in Catalonia: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Antimicrobials have been widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the antimicrobial consumption of 66 hospitals in Catalonia.

Methods: Adult antibacterial and antimycotic consumption was calculated as defined daily doses (DDD)/100 bed-days and DDD/100 discharges.

Peripheral yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) iridotomy versus phacoemulsification in primary angle closure: prospective comparative study.

Purpose: A study was designed to determine and describe the changes induced in the anterior segment of the eye and the intraocular pressure (IOP) after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) versus phacoemulsification in primary angle closure suspects (PACS) and primary angle closure (PAC).

Methods: Forty-seven eyes (47 patients) with Shaffer gonioscopy 0-II were included and split into 2 groups: cataract surgery (n=29) or LPI (n=18), depending on the lens sclerosis and visual acuity. Tonometry, gonioscopy, funduscopy, and automated measurements of the anterior chamber by Pentacam were performed before the intervention, and one and 3 months after the technique.

Mixed Acanthamoeba and multidrug-resistant Achromobacter xyloxidans in late-onset keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis.

A 31-year-old woman developed a spontaneous flap interface keratitis in the left eye 6 years after a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) enhancement. Cultures and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were positive for Achromobacter xyloxidans resistant to first- and second-generation cephalosporin, aminoglycosides, and quinolones and also positive for Acanthamoeba T4. Treatment with topical fortified ceftazidime, topical chlorhexidine, and voriconazole and oral voriconazole did not stop the progression of the disease.

Physician cultural sensitivity in African American advance care planning: a pilot study.

Background: Physician cultural sensitivity is particularly important for end-of-life care. This study correlates physicians' own racial background, clinical experience, and cultural sensitivity training with their attitudes, perceptions, and knowledge of advance care planning issues for African American patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional self-report questionnaire was distributed to 236 physicians at three major teaching hospitals.

[Guideline for the diagnosis of postmenopausal bleeding. PMPB Working Group of the SGGG].

2.1. History and clinical-gynecological investigation including a Pap smear are the first step in the clarification.

Virilizing ovarian tumor of low malignant potential associated with antecedent tamoxifen use for breast cancer.

A patient is described who was treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer and developed an androgen-producing ovarian tumor of low malignant potential, which itself is a rare condition. Clinically overt virilism was leading to the diagnosis and promptly improved after surgical removal of the tumor. A causal relationship between tamoxifen use and the tumor is discussed on the basis of the known tumor-inducing potential of tamoxifen.

Transcervical intrapartum amnioinfusion: a simple and effective technique.

Objective: To test a simple method of intrapartum amnioinfusion to replace amniotic fluid during labor in cases of prolonged labor and severe variable fetal heart rate decelerations or thick meconium.

Study Design: We conducted a prospective study of intrapartum amnioinfusion in sixteen consecutive patients. A simple transcervically placed Foley bladder catheter was used for intrauterine infusion of saline solution, while monitoring was performed by external cardiotocography.

Angiogenesis in cervical neoplasia: microvessel quantitation in precancerous lesions and invasive carcinomas with clinicopathological correlations.

Recently, angiogenic properties have been shown in preinvasive cervical lesions. Our goal was to determine the angiogenesis in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and the relationship between microvessel counts, histopathological parameters, and clinical outcome in invasive cervical carcinoma. One hundred thirty-eight cervical specimens were evaluated; among these 20 were designated normal epithelium, 20 low-grade CIN, 40 high-grade CIN, and 58 invasive carcinoma.

Altered expression of mdm-2 and its association with p53 protein status, tumor-cell-proliferation rate and prognosis in cervical neoplasia.

Recent results suggest that p53 inactivation is required for cervical-carcinoma development. The mdm-2 oncogene, which forms an auto-regulatory feedback loop with the normal p53 protein, has been found amplified in human carcinomas, thus abolishing the anti-proliferative function of p53. To investigate whether the mdm-2/p53 interaction plays a role in cervical neoplasms, we performed an immunohistochemical study in archival fixed, embedded specimens that included 178 pre-cancerous lesions (CIN) and invasive squamous-cell carcinomas of clinical stage IB.

Association of tumor induced vascularization with clinicopathological parameters in cervical neoplasm.

Angiogenic properties have been shown in preinvasive cervical lesions. Our goal was to determine the angiogenesis in cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN), the relationship between microvessel counts, histopathological parameters and the clinical outcome in invasive cervical carcinoma. Comparison of microvessel counts from normal epithelium with that from CIN and invasive carcinoma showed significant increases in pre-cancerous lesions and invasive cancer (p < 0.

[Breast preserving therapy of breast carcinoma: analysis of over 1,300 patients treated in the Basel region].

From 1977 to 1994 a total of 1329 breast cancer patients have been treated with breast conserving surgery in the region of Basel. This analysis is based on 832 patients treated from 1977 to 1990 according to a prospective treatment protocol, which was adjusted only once (1985). In comparison with the most known international publications this analysis represents one of the greatest homogeneous series of breast conserving treatment.

[Fetal fibronectin as a marker of prematurity in a high risk patient sample].

The accuracy of cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin as a predictor of preterm birth was studied in patients with increased risk for preterm delivery (according to the Creasy-score). In a prospective blind observational study the smear from the posterior fornix vaginae of 56 pregnant patients without PROM was examined using a quantitative immunoassay for the detection of fetal fibronectin. The patients who tested positively for fetal fibronectin had significantly more preterm deliveries than those with a negative result (CHI square-test, p < 0.

Expression of CD44 and variant isoforms in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

The cell adhesion molecule CD44 and its variant isoforms have been found to be related to invasive and metastatic character of cancer cells. Their expression in gynecologic precancerous lesions has not yet been reported. Mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against a common epitope (CD44s) and exons 4v, 6v, and 9v were used to study the expression of CD44 and variant isoforms by immunohistochemistry in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

Assessment of EGFR and TGF-alpha expression in relationship to HPV status and Ki-67 distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasms.

Expression of epidermal-growth-factor receptor (EGFR), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and Ki-67 proliferation antigen in cervical intra-epithelial neoplasms were analyzed. To examine the interrelationship of TGF-alpha, EGFR, Ki-67 and HPV status in dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, formalin-fixed tissue sections of 92 women were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies to EGFR, TGF-alpha and Ki-67. The presence of HPV was assessed by in situ DNA hybridization.