Pontine and Extrapontine Myelinolysis: Risk Factors and Characterization of Patients Diagnosed in Three Decades in a Tertiary Center.

Background: Osmotic demyelination syndrome is a rare neurological disorder caused by damage to the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes, typically due to a rapid increase in serum osmolarity. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the factors associated with the development of pontine or extrapontine myelinolysis. Methods: A retrospective, observational study which included patients with magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed diagnosis of pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis from 1990 to 2024 at a referral hospital in Mexico City.