Identifying risk factors for blood culture negative infective endocarditis: An international ID-IRI study.

Background: Blood culture-negative endocarditis (BCNE) is a diagnostic challenge, therefore our objective was to pinpoint high-risk cohorts for BCNE.

Methods: The study included adult patients with definite endocarditis. Data were collected via the Infectious Diseases International Research Initiative (ID-IRI).

Classical fever of unknown origin in 21 countries with different economic development: an international ID-IRI study.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a serious challenge for physicians. The aim of the present study was to consider epidemiology and dynamics of FUO in countries with different economic development. The data of FUO patients hospitalized/followed between 1st July 2016 and 1st July 2021 were collected retrospectively and submitted from referral centers in 21 countries through ID-IRI clinical research platform.

A fatal case of disseminated nocardiosis due to Nocardia otitidiscaviarum resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: case report and literature review.

Background: Disseminated nocardiosis still causes significant morbidity and mortality and is often caused by Nocardia asteroides, N. basiliensis, and N. farcinica and are often treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX).

Evaluating the Inappropriate Prescribing and Utilization of Caspofungin, a Four-Year Analysis at a Teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

The appropriate use of antimicrobial agents improves clinical outcomes and reduces antimicrobial resistance. Nevertheless, data on inappropriate prescription and negative outcomes are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to assess the prescription appropriateness of Caspofungin at a tertiary teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia and the impact on mortality at 30 days.

Vector-borne and zoonotic infections and their relationships with regional and socioeconomic statuses: An ID-IRI survey in 24 countries of Europe, Africa and Asia.

Background: In this cross-sectional, international study, we aimed to analyze vector-borne and zoonotic infections (VBZI), which are significant global threats.

Method: VBZIs' data between May 20-28, 2018 was collected. The 24 Participatingcountries were classified as lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income.

Prevalence and outcome of isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and outcome in patients with isoniazid-monoresistant complex and compare them to those in patients with non-isoniazid-monoresistant .

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The data were retrospectively collected from the electronic medical records of patients who tested positive for between May 2015 and April 2019.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a MERS-CoV referral hospital during the peak of the pandemic.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in a middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) referral hospital during the peak months of the pandemic.

Design: A single-center case series of hospitalized individuals with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), an academic tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Clinical and biochemical markers were documented.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a MERS-CoV Endemic Area.

Background: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) reported 170,639 cases and 1430 deaths from COVID-19 since the first case emerged in the country on March 2 through June 25, 2020. The objective of this report is to describe the characteristics and outcome observed among 99 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the largest academic hospital in KSA, and assess co-infection with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV).

Methods: This single-center case series data included select epidemiological, clinical, radiological features and laboratory findings of all confirmed hospitalized cases of COVID-19 in King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, KSA, from March 22 until May 31, 2020, followed through June 6, 2020.

Latent tuberculosis infection among health-care workers using Quantiferon-TB Gold-Plus in a country with a low burden for tuberculosis: prevalence and risk factors.

Background: Health-care workers (HCW) are susceptible to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The prevalence of LTBI in HCW in Saudi Arabia has not been reported using the fourth-generation interferon gamma release assay QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus).

Objective: Determine the prevalence of LTBI in a large heterogeneous HCW population and assess risk factors for LTBI.

Fusobacterium bloodstream infections: A literature review and hospital-based case series.

Background: Infections with Fusobacterium, an anaerobic bacterium, have various clinical presentations, including bacteremia and Lemierre syndrome. Here, we report a case series of Fusobacterium bacteremia (FBB) from the largest academic center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and provide a review of cases in the available literature.

Method: Records were retrospectively reviewed for all patients with at least one blood culture positive for Fusobacterium spp.

A novel id-iri score: development and internal validation of the multivariable community acquired sepsis clinical risk prediction model.

We aimed to develop a scoring system for predicting in-hospital mortality of community-acquired (CA) sepsis patients. This was a prospective, observational multicenter study performed to analyze CA sepsis among adult patients through ID-IRI (Infectious Diseases International Research Initiative) at 32 centers in 10 countries between December 1, 2015, and May 15, 2016. After baseline evaluation, we used univariate analysis at the second and logistic regression analysis at the third phase.

Clinicopathological profile of gastrointestinal tuberculosis: a multinational ID-IRI study.

Data are relatively scarce on gastro-intestinal tuberculosis (GITB). Most studies are old and from single centers, or did not include immunosuppressed patients. Thus, we aimed to determine the clinical, radiological, and laboratory profiles of GITB.

Portraying infective endocarditis: results of multinational ID-IRI study.

Infective endocarditis is a growing problem with many shifts due to ever-increasing comorbid illnesses, invasive procedures, and increase in the elderly. We performed this multinational study to depict definite infective endocarditis. Adult patients with definite endocarditis hospitalized between January 1, 2015, and October 1, 2018, were included from 41 hospitals in 13 countries.

The accuracy of computed tomography in detecting surgically resectable blebs or bullae in primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

Objectives: Chest computed tomography is commonly used in patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax to detect the presence of pulmonary blebs or bullae. The aim of this study is to calculate the accuracy of chest computed tomography to detect surgically resectable blebs or bullae in patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

Methods: This is a retrospective study includes all patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax who underwent chest computed tomography evaluation for their disease over the period from January 2005 to December 2015.

Management of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Single-center Experience.

Background: The prevalence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax is high in the Arab region. There is a lack of studies from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia highlighting the associated risk factors and demonstrating the effectiveness of surgical management.

Objectives: To identify risk factors associated with primary spontaneous pneumothorax and to correlate the effectiveness of surgical management with the rate of disease recurrence.

Suboptimal Immune Reconstitution among HIV-Infected Saudi Patients following Successful Antiretroviral Treatment.

Background And Objectives: Variations in immune reconstitution following antiretroviral treatment (ART) among HIV patients have previously been observed. This study aims at assessing immune reconstitution after successful ART among HIV-infected Saudi patients.

Methods: This retrospective study of 240 HIV-infected patients was performed between May 2010 and June 2015 in the HIV center at King Saud Hospital, Riyadh.

Predictors of unfavorable outcome in neurosyphilis: Multicenter ID-IRI Study.

Neurosyphilis (NS) has different clinical manifestations and can appear during any stage of syphilis. We aimed to identify the factors affecting poor outcome in NS patients. Patients with positive cerebrospinal fluid Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test, and positive serological serum treponemal or nontreponemal tests were classified as definite NS.

Influence of meteorological factors on the onset of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

Introduction Although links between meteorological conditions and primary spontaneous pneumothorax have been proposed, the reports are controversial. The aim of the study is to correlate between climatic changes and the development of this condition. Materials and methods A retrospective chart review included all patient presenting with primary spontaneous pneumothorax to King Fahd Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia, from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2016.

Will the presence of radiological signs of tension pneumothorax affect the clinical presentation of primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

Introduction: Patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) rarely presented with radiological signs of tension pneumothorax on their presenting chest X-ray. Even though, those patients may not develop the hemodynamic instability that is seen in tension pneumothorax. The aim of this study is to elaborate whether the presence of radiological signs of tension pneumothorax in patients with PSP will affect their clinical presentation.

A Rare Form of Bursitis with Negative Serology: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Brucellosis is still endemic in certain parts of the world including the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Latin America, and African regions. Osteoarticular manifestations are common presenting features. Brucellosis presenting as prepatellar bursitis has already been reported.

The risk of recurrence of Pilonidal disease after surgical management.

To estimate the rate of the Pilonidal disease (PND) recurrence and to evaluate the associated predictors of the recurrence. Methods: This is a retrospective study, conducted at King Fahd Hospital of the University in Alkhobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over a period of 10 years from January 2003 until December 2013.  Results: A study of 366 with PND, 19 of those were identified as secondary cases and excluded.

Two years' experience of implementing molecular screening of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus 1, 2 in Riyadh blood donors.

Molecular screening technologies have improved blood safety by reducing the number of window-period transmissions relative to serological screening. In the two years following the introduction of molecular testing in King Khalid University Hospital, Saudi Arabia, 25,920 donor samples were screened in parallel by both serological and molecular techniques for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). No HCV or HIV NAT yields were detected.