δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase single nucleotide polymorphism 2 and peptide transporter 2*2 haplotype may differentially mediate lead exposure in male children.

Child low-level lead (Pb) exposure is an unresolved public health problem and an unaddressed child health disparity. Particularly in cases of low-level exposure, source removal can be impossible to accomplish, and the only practical strategy for reducing risk may be primary prevention. Genetic biomarkers of increased neurotoxic risk could help to identify small subgroups of children for early intervention.