Design of a Low-Cost Diffuse Optical Mammography System for Biomedical Image Processing in Breast Cancer Diagnosis.

Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer that mainly affects women. Several diagnosis techniques based on optical instrumentation and image analysis have been developed, and these are commonly used in conjunction with conventional diagnostic devices such as mammographs, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging of the breast. The cost of using these instruments is increasing, and developing countries, whose deaths indices due to breast cancer are high, cannot access conventional diagnostic methods and have even less access to newer techniques.

Combined methods of optical spectroscopy and artificial intelligence in the assessment of experimentally induced non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Background And Objective: Due to the existing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its relation to the epidemic of obesity in the general population, it is imperative to develop detection and evaluation methods of the early stages of the disease with improved efficacy over the current diagnostic approaches. We aimed to obtain an improved diagnosis, combining methods of optical spectroscopy -diffuse reflectance and fluorescence- with statistical data analysis applied to detect early stages of NAFLD.

Methods: Statistical analysis scheme based on quadratic discriminant analysis followed by canonical discriminant analysis were applied to the diffuse reflectance data combined with endogenous fluorescence spectral data excited at one of these wavelengths: 330, 365, 385, 405 or 415 nm.

Fluorescence spectroscopy on paraffin-preserved human liver samples to classify several grades of fibrosis.

Nowadays, it is well established that biopsy is the gold standard for medical diagnosis of liver disease; however, recent studies have shown numerous discrepancies in biopsy assessment, even when it is evaluated by senior pathologists. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a tool that has been of utility in the diagnosis of different diseases based on biopsy analysis. Thus, fluorescence study of liver samples with five different degrees of fibrosis is presented.

Fiber-optic pulseoximeter for local oxygen saturation determination using a Monte Carlo multi-layer model for calibration.

Background And Objective: Local tissue oxygenation determines the relationship between the supply and the demand for oxygen by the tissue and it is an important indicator of the physiological or pathological condition of the tissue. Moreover, some therapeutic methods strongly depend on the oxygen content of the tissue. In photodynamic therapy, when molecular oxygen is present, the irradiation of the photosensitizer with light triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species that kill the target diseased cells within the treated tissue.