The treatment of posterolateral knee instability with combined arthroscopic popliteus bypass and PCL reconstruction provides good-to-excellent clinical results in the mid-term follow-up.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients who were treated with an arthroscopic popliteus bypass (PB) technique, in cases of a posterolateral rotational instability (PLRI) and a concomitant posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury of the knee.

Methods: This was a retrospective case series in which 23 patients were clinically evaluated after a minimum of 2 years following arthroscopic PB and combined PCL reconstruction. Lysholm, Tegner and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome scores as well as visual analog scales (VAS) for joint function and pain were evaluated.

Lower Failure Rates and Improved Patient Outcome Due to Reconstruction of the MCL and Revision ACL Reconstruction in Chronic Medial Knee Instability.

Background: Concomitant lesion of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) is associated with a greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare two medial stabilization techniques in patients with revision ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and concomitant chronic medial knee instability.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

[Current treatment standard for patella fractures in Germany].

Background: The treatment of patella fractures is technically demanding. Although the radiological results are mostly satisfactory, this often does not correspond to the subjective assessment of the patients. The classical treatment with tension band wiring with K‑wires has several complications.

Bone metabolism is a key factor for clinical outcome of tibial plateau fractures.

Purpose: Given that tibial plateau fractures (TPF) are rare, they may pose a challenge to the treating surgeon due to their variety of complex fracture patterns. Numerous studies have identified potential fracture-specific, surgery-related, and patient-related risk factors for impaired patient outcomes. However, reports on the influence of bone metabolism on functional outcomes are missing.

Slope-Correction Osteotomy with Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis and Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Is Highly Effective in Treating High-Grade Anterior Knee Laxity.

Background: Both an elevated posterior tibial slope (PTS) and high-grade anterior knee laxity are often present in patients who undergo revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, and these conditions are independent risk factors for ACL graft failure. Clinical data on slope-correction osteotomy combined with lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) do not yet exist.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing revision ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and slope-correction osteotomy combined with LET.

Lateral extra-articular tenodesis in patients with revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and high-grade anterior knee instability.

Background: Additional lateral extra-articular procedures can reduce the risk of failure of primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). There is limited evidence on the effect of lateral extra-articular procedures in revision ACL surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) in combination with revision ACLR for combined ACL graft failure and high-grade anterior knee instability.

Effect of fracturoscopy on the incidence of surgical site infections post tibial plateau fracture surgery.

Purpose: Surgical treatment of tibial plateau fracture (TPF) is common. Surgical site infections (SSI) are among the most serious complications of TPF. This multicentre study aimed to evaluate the effect of fracturoscopy on the incidence of surgical site infections in patients with TPF.

Intraarticular osteotomy of malunited tibial plateau fractures: an analysis of clinical results with a mean follow-up after 4 years.

Purpose: Malunions are a common complication after tibial plateau fractures (TPF), leading to stiffness, pseudo-instability and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical outcome after intraarticular osteotomy of malunited TPF and to perform a failure analysis.

Methods: Between 2013 and 2018, 23 patients (11 males, 12 females; 43.

Hepatocyte growth factor and matrix metalloprotease 2 levels in synovial fluid of the knee joint are correlated with clinical outcome of meniscal repair.

Background: The reoperation rate after primary meniscal repair is about 20%. Thus far, it has remained unclear whether there are distinct individual preconditions that may be associated with a better or worse outcome of this procedure. We therefore analysed typical biochemical mediators in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with meniscus tear before arthroscopic meniscal refixation and correlated their concentrations to the occurrence of re-rupture after meniscus repair.

Preoperative medial knee instability is an underestimated risk factor for failure of revision ACL reconstruction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to carefully analyse the reasons for revision ACLR failure to optimize the surgical revision technique and minimize the risk of recurrent re-rupture. Large studies with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up that clinically examine patients with revision ACLR are rare.

Methods: Between 2013 and 2016, 111 patients who underwent revision ACLR were included in the retrospective study.

Electron Heating by Debye-Scale Turbulence in Guide-Field Reconnection.

We report electrostatic Debye-scale turbulence developing within the diffusion region of asymmetric magnetopause reconnection with a moderate guide field using observations by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. We show that Buneman waves and beam modes cause efficient and fast thermalization of the reconnection electron jet by irreversible phase mixing, during which the jet kinetic energy is transferred into thermal energy. Our results show that the reconnection diffusion region in the presence of a moderate guide field is highly turbulent, and that electrostatic turbulence plays an important role in electron heating.

Arthroscopic Controlled Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Fixation of Posterolateral Tibia Plateau Impression Fractures.

Posterolateral impression fractures of the tibial plateau are common, and open reduction and fixation can be demanding, including exposure of the peroneal nerve. Based on a patient example, the surgical technique of an arthroscopic controlled closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation of a posterolateral tibia plateau impressed fracture is described. A patient sustained a posterolateral impression currently described as an "apple bite" fracture of the tibial plateau.

Anatomic Reconstruction of the Posterolateral Corner: An All-Arthroscopic Technique.

Injuries of the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee lead to chronic lateral and external rotational instability. Successful treatment of PLC injuries requires an understanding of the complex anatomy and biomechanics of the PLC. Several open PLC reconstruction techniques have been published.

Electron-scale dynamics of the diffusion region during symmetric magnetic reconnection in space.

Magnetic reconnection is an energy conversion process that occurs in many astrophysical contexts including Earth's magnetosphere, where the process can be investigated in situ by spacecraft. On 11 July 2017, the four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft encountered a reconnection site in Earth's magnetotail, where reconnection involves symmetric inflow conditions. The electron-scale plasma measurements revealed (i) super-Alfvénic electron jets reaching 15,000 kilometers per second; (ii) electron meandering motion and acceleration by the electric field, producing multiple crescent-shaped structures in the velocity distributions; and (iii) the spatial dimensions of the electron diffusion region with an aspect ratio of 0.

Modified adductor sling technique: A surgical therapy for patellar instability in skeletally immature patients.

Background: Due to open femoral physis the therapy of patellar instability in skeletally immature patients is challenging. We developed a modified surgical technique of the 'Adductor-Sling-Approach' by Sillanpää. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of the operative technique and to analyse the reasons for failure.

Differences in the Spectrum of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody Fine Specificities Between Malaysian and Swedish Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implications for Disease Pathogenesis.

Objective: Antibodies to the citrullinated protein antigens (ACPAs) are important in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the prevalence of ACPAs with different fine specificities in different populations is unclear. This study sought to examine the fine specificity of the antibody responses toward citrullinated proteins in RA patients from Malaysia, an area where genetic and environmental determinants of RA are different from those in more frequently studied cohorts of Caucasian subjects.

HIV/AIDS awareness, attitudes and risk behavior among university students in Wuhan, China.

Background: In China, the estimated number of HIV positives in 2007 was 700,000 and the epidemic continues to expand. Because of their attitudes towards sexual behavior, young people are considered to be a group at high risk.

Methods: Eight hundred sixty-eight undergraduate students at Wuhan University were selected through stratified cluster sampling, to answer a questionnaire.

Differences in fecal microbiota in different European study populations in relation to age, gender, and country: a cross-sectional study.

A cross-sectional study on intestinal microbiota composition was performed on 230 healthy subjects at four European locations in France, Germany, Italy, and Sweden. The study participants were assigned to two age groups: 20 to 50 years (mean age, 35 years; n = 85) and >60 years (mean age, 75 years; n = 145). A set of 14 group- and species-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes was applied to the analysis of fecal samples by fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled with flow cytometry.

[Acidophilus milk for therapy in gastrointestinal disorders].

A new developed Acidophilus milk has been introduced as therapy in different disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The milk contains acid resistant tribes of L. acidophilus and is fortified with vitamins, its fat content is low.

Survival rate of Salmonella and Shigella in fermented milk products with and without added human gastric juice: an in vitro study.

The survival rates of Salmonella agona, Salmonella java, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella sonnei in milk and fermented milk products were investigated with and without the addition of human gastric juice during a 7 to 10 hour test period. It was found that yoghurt inhibited the growth of Salmonella and Shigella very effectively even when the yoghurt had been heated to 100 degrees C for 15 minutes, whereas milk and the other fermented milk products showed a lower ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens. Yoghurt plus human gastric juice greatly depressed the growth rate of the pathogens; after 30 minutes no more colonies were formed.

The effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus administration upon the survival of Salmonella in randomly selected human carriers.

The influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus in milk upon carrier time of Salmonella infected humans was compared to that in a similar population which received no acidophilus milk. The participants were 132 individuals between 3 and 73 years old of both sexes. Many were carriers of more than one infective agent.

Effect of fermentation on lactose, glucose, and galactose content in milk and suitability of fermented milk products for lactose intolerant individuals.

The lactose, glucose, and galactose content in various fermented milk products was studied by enzymatic methods. Lactose was decreased in all fermented products. After 11 days storage of yogurt the lactose content decreased to about 2.