Health Coaching Impacts Stage-Specific Transitions in Multiple Health Behaviors for Patients at High Risk for Coronary Heart Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: A Multigroup Latent Transition Analysis.

Background: Multiple behavior change interventions have gained traction in the behavioral health space. Yet, previous studies on health coaching (HC) focused on testing its effect on stages of change for individual health behaviors.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of HC on stages of change across multiple health behavior domains among patients at high risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

The Effects of Ghana's Free Maternal and Healthcare Policy on Maternal and Infant Healthcare: A Scoping Review.

Ghana was the first sub-Saharan country to implement a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). In furtherance of the nation's Universal Health Coverage (UHC) goals, in 2008, Ghana actualized plans for a Free Maternal Healthcare Policy (FMHCP) under the NHIS. The FMHCP was aimed at removing financial barriers to accessing maternal and neonatal health services.

Perceptions of HIV-Related Comorbidities and Usability of a Virtual Environment for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Education in Sexual Minority Men With HIV: Formative Phases of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Sexual minority men with HIV are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and have been underrepresented in behavioral research and clinical trials.

Objective: This study aims to explore perceptions of HIV-related comorbidities and assess the interest in and usability of a virtual environment for CVD prevention education in Black and Latinx sexual minority men with HIV.

Methods: This is a 3-phase pilot behavioral randomized controlled trial.

Developing and testing a web-based platform for antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence support among adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with HIV.

Objective: Describe the development and testing of a web-based platform for antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence support among HIV+ adolescents and young adults (AYA) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods: A seven-member multi-disciplinary team operationalized the flat, password protected, web-based platform. Manualized protocols guided the objectives and content for each of the eight web-based sessions.

Implementing a Clinical Decision Support Tool to Improve Physical Activity.

Background: Currently, only about half of U.S. adults achieve current physical activity guidelines.

The Impact of an Electronic Best Practice Advisory on Patients' Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Profile.

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is a component of cardiovascular health and is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, only about half of US adults achieved the current PA recommendations.

Objective: The study purpose was to implement PA counseling using a clinical decision support tool in a preventive cardiology clinic and to assess changes in CVD risk factors in a sample of patients enrolled over 12 weeks of PA monitoring.

Network Psychometrics of the 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale Among Patients With High Cardiovascular and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Using Exploratory Graph Analysis.

Background: No studies have explored the internal structure of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale in patients with high cardiovascular and diabetes risk.

Objective: We scrutinized the dimensionality of the scale in this patient group using exploratory graph analysis, a technique within the developing field of network psychometrics.

Methods: Analyses were conducted on 200 primary care patients.

Complex Care Needs at the End of Life for Seriously Ill Adults With Multiple Chronic Conditions.

Understanding the complex care needs of seriously ill adults with multiple chronic conditions with and without cancer is critical for the delivery of high-quality serious illness and palliative care at the end of life. The objective of this secondary data analysis of a multisite randomized clinical trial in palliative care was to elucidate the clinical profile and complex care needs of seriously ill adults with multiple chronic conditions and to highlight key differences among those with and without cancer at the end of life. Of the 213 (74.

Learning in a Virtual Environment to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Outcomes: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Given the importance of self-management in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a major aspect of health is providing diabetes self-management education and support. Known barriers include access, availability, and the lack of follow through on referral to education programs. Virtual education and support have increased in use over the last few years.

Latent Class Analysis of Depressive Symptom Phenotypes Among Black/African American Mothers.

Background: Depression is a growing global problem with significant individual and societal costs. Despite their consequences, depressive symptoms are poorly recognized and undertreated because wide variation in symptom presentation limits clinical identification-particularly among African American (AA) women-an understudied population at an increased risk of health inequity.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to explore depressive symptom phenotypes among AA women and examine associations with epigenetic, cardiometabolic, and psychosocial factors.

Associations Between DNA Methylation Age Acceleration, Depressive Symptoms, and Cardiometabolic Traits in African American Mothers From the InterGEN Study.

Background: African American women (AAW) have a high risk of both cardiometabolic (CM) illness and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms co-occur in individuals with CM illness at higher rates than the general population, and accelerated aging may explain this. In this secondary analysis, we examined associations between age acceleration; depressive symptoms; and CM traits (hypertension, diabetes mellitus [DM], and obesity) in a cohort of AAW.

Health coaching and genetic risk testing in primary care: Randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Accessible interventions are needed to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This prospective, randomized, controlled trial evaluated remote health coaching (HC), genetic risk testing (GRT), or both added to standardized risk assessment (SRA) in at-risk military primary care patients.

Method: Using a 2 × 2 factorial longitudinal design, 200 Air Force at-risk participants provided primary outcomes at baseline, 3-, 6- (HC endpoint), and 12-months.

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Education Using a Virtual Environment in Sexual-Minority Men of Color With HIV: Protocol for a Sequential, Mixed Method, Waitlist Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: It is estimated that 70% of all deaths each year in the United States are due to chronic conditions. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a chronic condition, is the leading cause of death in ethnic and racial minority males. It has been identified as the second most common cause of death in persons with HIV.

Latent Profile/Class Analysis Identifying Differentiated Intervention Effects.

Background: The randomized clinical trial is generally considered the most rigorous study design for evaluating overall intervention effects. Because of patient heterogeneity, subgroup analysis is often used to identify differential intervention effects. In research of behavioral interventions, such subgroups often depend on a latent construct measured by multiple correlated observed variables.

A Network Analysis of the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Patient Activation Among Those With Elevated Cardiovascular Risk.

Background: Network analysis provides a new method for conceptualizing interconnections among psychological and behavioral constructs.

Objective: We used network analysis to investigate the complex associations between depressive symptoms and patient activation dimensions among patients at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease.

Methods: This secondary analysis included 200 patients seen in primary care clinics.

Stigma and quality of life in adults with sickle cell disease in Jamaica and the United States.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited blood disorder in both Jamaica and the United States and is characterized by poor quality of life and debilitating complications, with the hallmark symptom being pain caused by acute and chronic conditions. Individuals with SCD often experience stigma due to their disease status, opioid use, and race. This study sought to understand the influence of perceived stigma and demographic/clinical characteristics on quality of life in adults with SCD in Jamaica (n = 50) and the United States (n = 50).

Unpacking Peer Conversations in a Virtual Communitiy for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support: Behavior Science and Linguistics Perspective.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that can be effectively managed and controlled using strategies such as self-management education and ongoing support. Virtual environments offer innovative and realistic settings where patients can achieve self-management education and obtain ongoing self-management support from peers and healthcare professionals. Transcribed real-time conversations in an innovative virtual community were analyzed using qualitative and linguistic analysis.

Health Behavior Trajectories in High Cardiovascular Risk Populations: Secondary Analysis of a Clinical Trial.

Background: The application of latent class growth analysis (LCGA) has been limited in behavioral studies on high-cardiovascular-risk populations.

Aim: The current study aimed to identify distinct health behavior trajectories in high-cardiovascular-risk populations using LCGA. We also examined the baseline individual characteristics associated with different health behavior trajectories and determined which trajectory is associated with improved cardiovascular risk outcomes at 52 weeks.

Multiple Chronic Conditions among Seriously Ill Adults Receiving Palliative Care.

The objective of this study was to characterize multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) among seriously ill adults receiving palliative care at the end of life. A latent class analysis was conducted to identify latent subgroups of seriously ill older adults based on a baseline Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) measurement, a measure of comorbidity burden, and mortality risk. The three latent subgroups were: (1) low to moderate CCI with MCC, (2) high CCI with MCC, and (3) high CCI and metastatic cancer.

Latent Class Analysis of Symptom Burden Among Seriously Ill Adults at the End of Life.

Background: Serious illness is characterized by high symptom burden that negatively affects quality of life (QOL). Although palliative care research has highlighted symptom burden in seriously ill adults with cancer, symptom burden among those with noncancer serious illness and multiple chronic conditions has been understudied. Latent class analysis is a statistical method that can be used to better understand the relationship between severity of symptom burden and covariates, such as the presence of multiple chronic conditions.

Implementing the physical activity vital sign in an academic preventive cardiology clinic.

The aims were to implement physical activity (PA) screening as part of the electronic kiosk check-in process in an adult preventive cardiology clinic and assess factors related to patients' self-reported PA. The 3-question physical activity vital sign (PAVS) was embedded in the Epic electronic medical record and included how many days, minutes and intensity (light, moderate, vigorous) of PA patients conducted on average. This is a data analysis of PAVS data over a 60-day period.

Perceptions of Using Multiple Mobile Health Devices to Support Self-Management Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Purpose: This study identified facilitators and barriers pertaining to the use of multiple mobile health (mHealth) devices (Fitbit Alta® fitness tracker, iHealth® glucometer, BodyTrace® scale) that support self-management behaviors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design: This qualitative descriptive study presents study participants' perceptions of using multiple mobile devices to support T2DM self-management. Additionally, this study assessed whether participants found visualizations, generated from each participant's health data as obtained from the three separate devices, useful and easy to interpret.

Recruitment and enrollment of participants in an online diabetes self-management intervention in a virtual environment.

Effective recruitment of research participants is essential for successful randomized controlled trials and remains one of the most challenging and labor-intensive aspects of conducting research. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe recruitment methods for this two-group, internet-based intervention trial and enrollment status in relation to recruitment methods, accounting for accrual rates and recruitment costs and to discuss our recruitment results and limitations informed by the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative (CTTI) team's evidence and expert-based recommendations for recruitment. The primary study was a two-group randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a virtual environment, Diabetes LIVE©, compared to a traditional website format to provide diabetes self-management education and support to adults with type 2 diabetes.

Exploring the effects of genomic testing on fear of cancer recurrence among breast cancer survivors.

Objective: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is the greatest unmet psychosocial need among breast cancer survivors (BCS). The Oncotype Dx® test predicts the 10-year risk of distant recurrence and benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy among women with early stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Despite the test's clinical utility, psychosocial responses are poorly understood.