Electroencephalographic Indices for Clinical Endpoints during Propofol Anesthesia in Infants: An Early-phase Propofol Biomarker-finding Study.

Background: Unlike expired sevoflurane concentration, propofol lacks a biomarker for its brain effect site concentration, leading to dosing imprecision particularly in infants. Electroencephalography monitoring can serve as a biomarker for propofol effect site concentration, yet proprietary electroencephalography indices are not validated in infants. The authors evaluated spectral edge frequency (SEF95) as a propofol anesthesia biomarker in infants.

Aspirin Use Is Associated With Decreased Mechanical Ventilation, Intensive Care Unit Admission, and In-Hospital Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with hypercoagulability and increased thrombotic risk in critically ill patients. To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated whether aspirin use is associated with reduced risk of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and in-hospital mortality.

Methods: A retrospective, observational cohort study of adult patients admitted with COVID-19 to multiple hospitals in the United States between March 2020 and July 2020 was performed.

Redox regulation of mitophagy in the lung during murine Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.

Oxidative mitochondrial damage is closely linked to inflammation and cell death, but low levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species serve as signals that involve mitochondrial repair and resolution of inflammation. More specifically, cytoprotection relies on the elimination of damaged mitochondria by selective autophagy (mitophagy) during mitochondrial quality control. This aim of this study was to identify and localize mitophagy in the mouse lung as a potentially upregulatable redox response to Staphylococcus aureus sepsis.

Drl.3 governs primitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish.

The molecular program controlling hematopoietic differentiation is not fully understood. Here, we describe a family of zebrafish genes that includes a novel hematopoietic regulator, draculin-like 3 (drl.3).

Nrf2 promotes alveolar mitochondrial biogenesis and resolution of lung injury in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in mice.

Acute lung injury (ALI) initiates protective responses involving genes downstream of the Nrf2 (Nfe2l2) transcription factor, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and related anti-inflammatory processes. We examined mitochondrial biogenesis during Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in mice and the effect of Nrf2 deficiency on lung mitochondrial biogenesis and resolution of lung inflammation. S.

Macondo crude oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disrupts specific developmental processes during zebrafish embryogenesis.

Unlabelled: The Deepwater Horizon disaster was the largest marine oil spill in history, and total vertical exposure of oil to the water column suggests it could impact an enormous diversity of ecosystems. The most vulnerable organisms are those encountering these pollutants during their early life stages. Water-soluble components of crude oil and specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been shown to cause defects in cardiovascular and craniofacial development in a variety of teleost species, but the developmental origins of these defects have yet to be determined.