Insulin analogs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus: therapeutic applications of protein engineering.

The engineering of insulin analogs represents a triumph of structure-based protein design. A framework has been provided by structures of insulin hexamers. Containing a zinc-coordinated trimer of dimers, such structures represent a storage form of the active insulin monomer.

Validity of activity-based devices to estimate sleep.

Study Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of sleep estimation using a device designed and marketed to measure core physical activity.

Methods: Thirty adolescent participants in an epidemiological research study wore 3 actigraphy devices on the wrist over a single night concurrent with polysomnography (PSG). Devices used include Actical actigraph, designed and marketed for placement around the trunk to measure physical activity, in addition to 2 standard actigraphy devices used to assess sleep-wake states: Sleepwatch actigraph and Actiwatch actigraph.