Evaluation of the "We Can Do This" Campaign Paid Media and COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake, United States, December 2020-January 2022.

Public education campaigns are promising methods for promoting vaccine uptake. In April 2021, the U.S.

Recalled Exposure to COVID-19 Public Education Campaign Advertisements Predicts COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence.

This study examined the relationship between recalled exposure to the COVID-19 Public Education Campaign (the Campaign) and COVID-19 vaccine confidence (the likelihood of vaccination or vaccine uptake) in the general population, including vaccine-hesitant adults (the "Movable Middle"). Analyses used three waves of a triannual, nationally representative panel survey of adults in the U.S.

The Initial Relationship Between the United States Department of Health and Human Services' Digital COVID-19 Public Education Campaign and Vaccine Uptake: Campaign Effectiveness Evaluation.

Background: Over 1 million people in the United States have died of COVID-19. In response to this public health crisis, the US Department of Health and Human Services launched the We Can Do This public education campaign in April 2021 to increase vaccine confidence. The campaign uses a mix of digital, television, print, radio, and out-of-home channels to reach target audiences.

Mouth Level Intake of Nicotine from Three Brands of Little Filtered Cigars with Widely Differing Product Characteristics Among Adult Consumers.

Little filtered cigars are tobacco products with many cigarette-like characteristics. However, despite cigars falling under the U.S.

Using an experimental tobacco marketplace to pilot test the substitutability of JUUL e-cigarettes and other alternative nicotine and tobacco products for conventional cigarettes among vulnerable populations.

The Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM) is an online research marketplace where increasing the cost of cigarettes is used to investigate the substitutability of other fixed-price tobacco products such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). The ETM is useful for modeling effects of potential policy changes on use of various concurrently available products. To our knowledge, the ETM has not been used to investigate substitutability of newer generation e-cigarettes or populations at increased risk for smoking, heavy smoking, nicotine dependence, and smoking-attributable adverse effects.

Examining the latent factor structure of a hypothetical cigarette purchase task among pregnant women.

The cigarette purchase task (CPT) is a valid behavioral-economic measure of demand that has smokers estimate hypothetical cigarette consumption under a range of escalating prices. The task involves no experimenter exposure of participants to smoking. CPT demand is measured in terms of five indices: intensity (cigarettes consumed at $0), (largest expenditure), max (price associated with peak expenditure), breakpoint (the first price at which consumption is 0), and elasticity (rate at which consumption changes as a function of increasing price).

Effect of Smartphone-Based Financial Incentives on Peripartum Smoking Among Pregnant Individuals: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial assesses the effect of a smartphone-based intervention with financial incentive on peripartum smoking among pregnant individuals.

Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Efficacy of Adding Financial Incentives to Best practices for Smoking Cessation Among pregnant and Newly postpartum Women.

We report results from a single-blinded randomized controlled trial examining financial incentives for smoking cessation among 249 pregnant and newly postpartum women. Participants included 169 women assigned to best practices (BP) or BP plus financial incentives (BP + FI) for smoking cessation available through 12-weeks postpartum. A third condition included 80 never-smokers (NS) sociodemographically-matched to women who smoked.

Systemic biomarkers of exposure associated with ENDS use: a scoping review.

Objective: This scoping review provides an overview of the existing literature on biomarkers of exposure from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use and identifies gaps in existing knowledge.

Data Sources: We searched two international databases (PubMed and Web of Science) to identify relevant studies published from August 2013 to February 2021.

Data Selection: Studies were included if they assessed and compared biomarkers of exposure between exclusive ENDS users, non-users, exclusive cigarette smokers, dual users of ENDS and cigarettes or cigarette smokers who switch to ENDS.

Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among U.S. women of reproductive age: Prevalence, reported reasons for use, and toxin exposure.

Given the rapidly expanding marketplace for Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), it is important to monitor patterns of use, particularly among vulnerable populations. This study examined ENDS prevalence, reasons for use (i.e.

Household-smoking bans are associated with reduced nicotine exposure, increased smoking abstinence, and improved birth outcomes among pregnant women enrolled in smoking-cessation treatment.

Data indicate household-smoking bans aid cessation and reduce secondhand smoke exposure. This study assessed prevalence of antepartum (AP) and postpartum (PP) household-smoking bans and associations with nicotine exposure, abstinence, and birth weight among pregnant women. The current study is a secondary analysis of clinical trials examining the efficacy of financial incentives for smoking-cessation among pregnant women ( = 284).

Smartphone-based financial incentives to promote smoking cessation during pregnancy: A pilot study.

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases risk for pregnancy complications, growth restriction, and other adverse health outcomes. The most effective intervention for reducing smoking during pregnancy is financial incentives contingent on biochemically-verified smoking abstinence. The present study examined the efficacy of a smartphone-based intervention whereby smoking monitoring and incentive delivery occurred remotely using a mobile app.

Using the Cigarette Purchase Task to examine the relative reinforcing value of cigarettes among mothers with versus without opioid dependence.

The Cigarette Purchase Task (CPT), in which participants estimate the number of cigarettes they would smoke across increasing cigarette prices, measures the relative reinforcing value of cigarettes. Although opioid-dependent individuals are particularly vulnerable to tobacco addiction, more research is needed to elucidate whether and to what extent their motivation to smoke differs from not-opioid-dependent smokers controlling for potential sociodemographic differences. Participants were 173 women (65 opioid-dependent) in an ongoing clinical trial for smoking cessation.

Voucher-Based Contingency Management is Efficacious but Underutilized in Treating Addictions.

The United States lags far behind other industrialized countries on major markers of population health. Population health experts identify unhealthy behavior patterns (e.g.

Stigma, Discrimination, Treatment Effectiveness, and Policy Support: Comparing Behavior Analysts' Views on Drug Addiction and Mental Illness.

Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) often face discrimination. A recent study found that people in the general population hold significantly more negative views toward persons with drug addiction than those with other mental illnesses (Barry et al. in (10), 1269-1272, 2014).

Smoking prevalence among U.S. national samples of pregnant women.

Several data sources exist for estimating U.S. smoking prevalence among pregnant women, yet each differs in ways that have the potential to impact the estimates.

Impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems and other respondent characteristics on tobacco use transitions among a U.S. national sample of women of reproductive age.

Background: Identifying predictors of tobacco use patterns that differ in harm among reproductive-aged women may inform efforts to protect women and children against adverse health impacts of tobacco use.

Methods: Changes in tobacco use patterns were examined among women (18-49 years) who completed Wave 1 (W1) and Wave 2 (W2), or W2 and Wave 3 (W3) of the U.S.

Reducing tobacco use among women of childbearing age: Contributions of tobacco regulatory science and tobacco control.

Tobacco use has unique, adverse health consequences for reproductive-aged women, particularly should these women become pregnant. Thus, successful efforts to reduce tobacco use among this population have strong potential to improve public health and reduce health disparities. The present review examines contributions to reducing tobacco use among women of childbearing age spanning the domains of tobacco regulatory science and tobacco control from the passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act in 2009 through September 2019.

Sensitivity of hypothetical purchase task indices when studying substance use: A systematic literature review.

Hypothetical Purchase Tasks (HPTs) simulate demand for a substance as a function of escalating price. HPTs are increasingly used to examine relationships between substance-related correlates and outcomes and demand typically characterized using a common battery of indices (Intensity, O, P, Breakpoint, Elasticity). This review examines the relative sensitivity of the HPT indices.

A review of tobacco regulatory science research on vulnerable populations.

In 2013 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and National Institutes of Health established fourteen Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science (TCORS) to advance scientific knowledge relevant to conducting evidence-based tobacco regulation.

Examining interrelationships between the Cigarette Purchase Task and delay discounting among pregnant women.

Two common behavioral economic simulation tasks used to study cigarette smoking are the Cigarette Purchase Task, a measure of cigarette demand, and delay discounting, a measure of the subjective value of rewards as a function of delays to delivery. Few studies have evaluated whether combining these tasks enhances understanding of smoking beyond either alone. The current study represents an initial evaluation of the intersection between cigarette demand indices and delay discounting among pregnant smokers by examining associations between these measures and whether a woman makes antepartum quit attempts before entering prenatal care (a reliable predictor of eventual quitting).

Behavioral Economic Research in Addiction as an Area of Growth for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

Behavioral economics, a synthesis of the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) and economics, seeks to determine the relative value of reinforcers as a function of various environmental constraints. Early animal and human studies often focused on drug reinforcement, and this has continued to the present. In particular, behavioral economic analyses of human and animal behavior in relation to nicotine and cigarette smoking have contributed to a greater understanding of this behavior, and to a greater reliance on these methods in the field of smoking cessation treatment, tobacco regulatory science and tobacco control.

Smoking prevalence and trends among a U.S. national sample of women of reproductive age in rural versus urban settings.

U.S. smoking prevalence is declining at a slower rate in rural than urban settings and contributing to regional health disparities.

Leveraging technology to address the problem of cigarette smoking among women of reproductive age.

Women of reproductive age and particularly pregnant women underutilize evidence-based smoking cessation services such as counseling and quit lines. Mobile health (mHealth) may constitute an unexplored and innovative avenue for providing smoking cessation support to a population that is otherwise difficult to reach with evidence-based interventions. Female respondents aged 18-44 years (N = 10,023) were drawn from the first wave of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study (2013-2014).

Tobacco Product Harm Perceptions and New Use.

Unlabelled: : media-1vid110.1542/5839992833001PEDS-VA_2018-1505 BACKGROUND: Researchers in several studies have examined correlations between tobacco harm perceptions and tobacco use in youth, but none have prospectively addressed the association between harm perceptions and subsequent new use across multiple noncigarette products.

Methods: Product-specific absolute and relative harm perceptions for cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), cigars, pipes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco were collected at wave 1 (W1) (2013-2014) among youth in the nationally representative US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (12-17 years of age; = 10 081).