Supporting students from underrepresented minority backgrounds in graduate school: A mixed-methods formative study to inform post-baccalaureate design.

The US biomedical research workforce suffers from systemic barriers causing insufficient diversity and perpetuating inequity. To inform programming enhancing graduate program access, we implemented a formative mixed-method study to identify needed supports for program applications and graduate program success. Overall, results indicate value in added supports for understanding application needs, network development, critical thinking, time management, and reading academic/scientific literature.

Use of Real-World Data in Population Science to Improve the Prevention and Care of Diabetes-Related Outcomes.

The past decade of population research for diabetes has seen a dramatic proliferation of the use of real-world data (RWD) and real-world evidence (RWE) generation from non-research settings, including both health and non-health sources, to influence decisions related to optimal diabetes care. A common attribute of these new data is that they were not collected for research purposes yet have the potential to enrich the information around the characteristics of individuals, risk factors, interventions, and health effects. This has expanded the role of subdisciplines like comparative effectiveness research and precision medicine, new quasi-experimental study designs, new research platforms like distributed data networks, and new analytic approaches for clinical prediction of prognosis or treatment response.

Early Outcomes of a New NIH Program to Support Research in Residency.

The work of physician-investigators has historically led to key discoveries and developments in modern medicine, but recent decades have seen significant declines in the number of U.S. physician-investigators.

Precision Medicine in Diabetes: A Consensus Report From the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).

The convergence of advances in medical science, human biology, data science, and technology has enabled the generation of new insights into the phenotype known as "diabetes." Increased knowledge of this condition has emerged from populations around the world, illuminating the differences in how diabetes presents, its variable prevalence, and how best practice in treatment varies between populations. In parallel, focus has been placed on the development of tools for the application of precision medicine to numerous conditions.

Precision medicine in diabetes: a Consensus Report from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).

The convergence of advances in medical science, human biology, data science and technology has enabled the generation of new insights into the phenotype known as 'diabetes'. Increased knowledge of this condition has emerged from populations around the world, illuminating the differences in how diabetes presents, its variable prevalence and how best practice in treatment varies between populations. In parallel, focus has been placed on the development of tools for the application of precision medicine to numerous conditions.

Differentiation of Diabetes by Pathophysiology, Natural History, and Prognosis.

The American Diabetes Association, JDRF, the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists convened a research symposium, "The Differentiation of Diabetes by Pathophysiology, Natural History and Prognosis" on 10-12 October 2015. International experts in genetics, immunology, metabolism, endocrinology, and systems biology discussed genetic and environmental determinants of type 1 and type 2 diabetes risk and progression, as well as complications. The participants debated how to determine appropriate therapeutic approaches based on disease pathophysiology and stage and defined remaining research gaps hindering a personalized medical approach for diabetes to drive the field to address these gaps.

American Diabetes Association and JDRF Research Symposium: Diabetes and the Microbiome.

From 27-29 October 2014, more than 100 people gathered in Chicago, IL, to participate in a research symposium titled "Diabetes and the Microbiome," jointly sponsored by the American Diabetes Association and JDRF. The conference brought together international scholars and trainees from multiple disciplines, including microbiology, bioinformatics, endocrinology, metabolism, and immunology, to share the current understanding of host-microbe interactions and their influences on diabetes and metabolism. Notably, this gathering was the first to assemble specialists with distinct expertise in type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, immunology, and microbiology with the goal of discussing and defining potential pathophysiologies linking the microbiome and diabetes.

Pituitary-specific expression and Pit-1 regulation of the rat growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene.

The GHRH receptor is expressed in the somatotroph cell of the anterior pituitary, where it functions to mediate GHRH-stimulated GH release. To study pituitary and somatotroph cell-specific expression of this gene, a transgenic mouse model and complementary cell culture experiments were developed. The activity of the 1.

A dominant-negative human growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor splice variant inhibits GHRH binding.

GHRH is a hypothalamic peptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of GH from pituitary somatotroph cells. The GHRH receptor is a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor that localizes to the surface of somatotroph cells and binds GHRH. Alternative splicing of the GHRH receptor primary transcript at the intron/exon boundary 3' of exon 11 results in inclusion of sequence that is normally intronic.