The HDAC inhibitor CI-994 acts as a molecular memory aid by facilitating synaptic and intracellular communication after learning.

Long-term memory formation relies on synaptic plasticity, neuronal activity-dependent gene transcription, and epigenetic modifications. Multiple studies have shown that HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) treatments can enhance individual aspects of these processes and thereby act as putative cognitive enhancers. However, their mode of action is not fully understood.

A thalamo-amygdalar circuit underlying the extinction of remote fear memories.

Fear and trauma generate some of the longest-lived memories. Despite the corresponding need to understand how such memories can be attenuated, the underlying brain circuits remain unknown. Here, combining viral tracing, neuronal activity mapping, fiber photometry, chemogenetic and closed-loop optogenetic manipulations in mice, we show that the extinction of remote (30-day-old) fear memories depends on thalamic nucleus reuniens (NRe) inputs to the basolateral amygdala (BLA).

Cognitive epigenetic priming: leveraging histone acetylation for memory amelioration.

Multiple studies have found that increasing histone acetylation by means of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) treatment can ameliorate memory and rescue cognitive impairments, but their mode of action is not fully understood. In particular, it is unclear how HDACis, applied systemically and devoid of genomic target selectivity, would specifically improve memory-related molecular processes. One theory for such specificity is called cognitive epigenetic priming (CEP), according to which HDACis promote memory by facilitating the expression of neuroplasticity-related genes that have been stimulated by learning itself.

A cFos activation map of remote fear memory attenuation.

Rationale: The experience of strong traumata leads to the formation of enduring fear memories that may degenerate into post-traumatic stress disorder. One of the most successful treatments for this condition consists of extinction training during which the repeated exposure to trauma-inducing stimuli in a safe environment results in an attenuation of the fearful component of trauma-related memories. While numerous studies have investigated the neural substrates of recent (e.

Evaluation of Thrombocytopenia in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

Background: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may be associated with thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients. A confounding factor is concomitant use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and suspicion for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).

Objective: To determine the impact of CRRT on platelet count and development of thrombocytopenia.

Human Telomerase RNA Processing and Quality Control.

The non-coding RNA subunit of telomerase provides the template for telomerase activity. In diverse fungi, 3' end processing of telomerase RNA involves a single cleavage by the spliceosome. Here, we examine how human telomerase RNA (hTR) primary transcripts are processed into the mature form of precisely 451 nt.

Maternal drug use and the timing of prenatal care.

This paper explores the role of maternal drug use and the timing of prenatal care. The study data were collected from women delivering live births at eight participating hospitals in the Washington, D.C.

The impact of smoking and other substance use by urban women on the birthweight of their infants.

The impact of maternal smoking and other substance use during pregnancy on infant birthweight is demonstrated in a sample of 766 urban women, using data collected in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area Drug Study (DC*MADS).