Ambivalence Toward Pregnancy as an Indicator for Contraceptive Nonuse: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the association between contraceptive nonuse and ambivalence toward pregnancy.

Methods: Following an a priori protocol, 4 databases were searched, and results were reported using the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Studies were appraised for quality using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies, and those reporting results as frequencies or odds ratio (OR) were included in random effects meta-analytic models.

Obstetric anal sphincter injury and anal incontinence following vaginal birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to systematically review current evidence for the relationship between obstetric anal sphincter injury (ie, episiotomy and third- or fourth-degree perineal lacerations) and anal incontinence in parous women.

Methods: PubMed, Ovid (MEDLINE), Cochrane Trials, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched. Studies eligible for review assessed the relationship between episiotomy and/or third- or fourth-degree perineal laceration and anal incontinence.