Gluteal tendinopathy and hip osteoarthritis: Different pathologies, different hip biomechanics.

Background: Gluteal tendinopathy (GT) and hip osteoarthritis (OA) are the most common causes of hip pain and associated disability in older adults. Pain and altered walking biomechanics are common to both conditions. This study aimed to compare three-dimensional walking biomechanics between individuals with unilateral, symptomatic GT and HOA.

Timing of eating in adults across the weight spectrum: Metabolic factors and potential circadian mechanisms.

Timing of eating is recognized as a significant contributor to body weight regulation. Disruption of sleep-wake cycles from a predominantly diurnal (daytime) to a delayed (evening) lifestyle leads to altered circadian rhythms and metabolic dysfunction. This article reviews current evidence for timed and delayed eating in individuals of normal weight and those with overweight or obesity: although some findings indicate a benefit of eating earlier in the daytime on weight and/or metabolic outcomes, results have not been uniformly consistent, and more rigorous and longer-duration studies are needed.

Acoustic Predictors of Pediatric Dysarthria in Cerebral Palsy.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to identify acoustic characteristics of connected speech that differentiate children with dysarthria secondary to cerebral palsy (CP) from typically developing children and to identify acoustic measures that best detect dysarthria in children with CP.

Method: Twenty 5-year-old children with dysarthria secondary to CP were compared to 20 age- and sex-matched typically developing children on 5 acoustic measures of connected speech. A logistic regression approach was used to derive an acoustic model that best predicted dysarthria status.

Ancillary Prognostic and Predictive Testing in Breast Cancer: Focus on Discordant, Unusual, and Borderline Results.

Ancillary testing in breast cancer has become standard of care to determine what therapies may be most effective for individual patients with breast cancer. Single-marker tests are required on all newly diagnosed and newly metastatic breast cancers. Markers of proliferation are also used, and include both single-marker tests like Ki67 as well as panel-based gene expression tests, which have made more recent contributions to prognostic and predictive testing in breast cancers.

Australian Adolescents and Young Adults-Trends in Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Survival Over Three Decades.

Purpose: Cancer is a significant health concern for adolescents and young adults (AYAs; aged 15-24 years). Monitoring population-level changes in incidence, mortality, and survival is complicated by the lack of published data presenting statistics separately for AYAs. This study synthesizes and reviews data on AYA cancers in Australia, including trends in incidence and mortality.

Will oncotype DX DCIS testing guide therapy? A single-institution correlation of oncotype DX DCIS results with histopathologic findings and clinical management decisions.

Given the increased detection rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and the limited overall survival benefit from adjuvant breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery, there is interest in identifying subsets of patients who have low rates of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence such that they might safely forgo radiation. The Oncotype DCIS score is a reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR)-based assay that was validated to predict which DCIS cases are most likely to recur. Clinically, these results may be used to assist in selecting which patients with DCIS might safely forgo radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery; however, little is currently published on how this test is being used in practice.

Promoter Specificity and Efficacy in Conditional and Inducible Transgenic Targeting of Lung Macrophages.

Conditional and inducible Cre-loxP systems are used to target gene deletion to specific cell lineages and tissues through promoter-restricted expression of the bacterial DNA recombinase, Cre. Although Cre-loxP systems are widely used to target gene deletion in lung macrophages, limited data are published on the specificity and efficiency of "macrophage targeting" Cre lines. Using R26-stop-TdTomato and tetOn-GFP reporter lines, we assessed the specificity and efficiency of four commercially available Cre driver lines that are often considered "macrophage specific.

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Technology-Based Approach for Preventing Excess Weight Gain during Pregnancy among Women with Overweight.

Objective: Overweight/obesity and excess weight gain during pregnancy are associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Few interventions have been effective in limiting gestational weight gain among women with overweight or obesity. This pilot, randomized clinical trial compared treatment as usual (TAU) to a lifestyle modification program delivered phone for the prevention of excess gestational weight gain in women who had overweight or obesity.

Frontal plane hip joint loading according to pain severity in people with hip osteoarthritis.

The primary objective was to examine the hip adduction moment during walking in people with hip osteoarthritis (OA) according to pain severity. Sixty-eight participants with unilateral symptomatic hip OA were included. Pain during walking was assessed on a 5-point Likert item within the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (no pain = 12; mild pain n = 37; moderate pain n = 19).

A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Study of Technology-Based Weight Loss Interventions among Endometrial Cancer Survivors.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of technology-based weight loss interventions for endometrial cancer (EC) survivors with obesity.

Methods: EC survivors with obesity (n = 196) from three medical centers completed assessments for knowledge of obesity as a risk for EC and interest in weight management. Forty-one women were randomized to a 6-month intervention: telemedicine with Wi-Fi scales, text messaging (texting), or enhanced usual care (EUC).

Disordered eating and obesity: associations between binge-eating disorder, night-eating syndrome, and weight-related comorbidities.

Binge-eating disorder (BED) and night-eating syndrome (NES) are two forms of disordered eating associated with overweight and obesity. While these disorders also occur in nonobese persons, they seem to be associated with weight gain over time and higher risk of diabetes and other metabolic dysfunction. BED and NES are also associated with higher risk of psychopathology, including mood, anxiety, and sleep problems, than those of similar weight status without disordered eating.

How does parental cancer affect adolescent and young adult offspring? A systematic review.

Objectives: To i) identify and synthesise evidence published since 2007 regarding the impact of parental cancer on adolescent and young adult offspring, ii) identify methodological and evidence gaps addressed during this period and iii) highlight those requiring further attention.

Design: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of peer reviewed literature regarding the impact of parental cancer upon AYA offspring.

Data Sources: Online searches of CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsychInfo and Scopus databases were conducted.

Functional physical training improves women's military occupational performance.

Unlabelled: The U.S. Armed Forces have recently approved full integration of women into combat roles.

Obesity and Endometrial Cancer: A Lack of Knowledge but Opportunity for Intervention.

Objective: The causal link between obesity and endometrial cancer is well established; however obese women's knowledge of this relationship is unknown. Our objective was to explore patients' understanding of this relationship and assess the acceptability of a technology-based weight loss intervention.

Methods/materials: Obese women with Type I endometrial cancer/hyperplasia were surveyed about their assessment of their body mass, knowledge of the relationship of obesity and endometrial cancer, and eating and activity habits.

Accessing support before or after a parent dies from cancer and young people's current wellbeing.

Purpose: To examine differences in distress and unmet needs between bereaved adolescent and young adult (AYA) offspring who accessed support before and after being bereaved by parental cancer, and to explore aspects of their cancer experience that influenced their help-seeking.

Methods: Phase 1: Surveys completed by AYAs (11-26 years) bereaved by parental cancer were subjected to analysis of covariance examining differences in distress and unmet needs between those who accessed support before (n = 159) and after (n = 212) parental bereavement. Phase 2: Semi-structured interviews explored the cancer experiences of bereaved offspring (n = 8) and factors that influenced their decision to seek support.

Greater ankle strength, anaerobic and aerobic capacity, and agility predict Ground Combat Military Occupational School graduation in female Marines.

Unlabelled: Women can serve in all military occupational specialties (MOS); however, musculoskeletal and physiological characteristics that predict successful completion of ground combat MOS schools by female Marines are unknown.

Objectives: To determine which demographic, musculoskeletal, and physiological characteristics predict graduation from infantry and vehicle ground combat MOS schools in female Marines.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Second opinion strategies in breast pathology: a decision analysis addressing over-treatment, under-treatment, and care costs.

Purpose: To estimate the potential near-term population impact of alternative second opinion breast biopsy pathology interpretation strategies.

Methods: Decision analysis examining 12-month outcomes of breast biopsy for nine breast pathology interpretation strategies in the U.S.

Weight and Eating Concerns in Women's Reproductive Health.

Purpose Of Review: Women's weight status affects their reproductive functioning, and, likewise, women's lifetime weight trajectories are influenced by reproductive events. We examine the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pregnancy, the postpartum period, and gynecological cancers with weight, body image, and other psychiatric issues.

Recent Findings: Women with overweight or obesity are at higher risk for PCOS, and the mood and anxiety symptoms often comorbid with PCOS are linked to weight as well as the core symptoms of the disorder.

Assessing Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Solid Tumors: A Practical Review for Pathologists and Proposal for a Standardized Method from the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Working Group: Part 2: TILs in Melanoma, Gastrointestinal Tract Carcinomas, Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Mesothelioma, Endometrial and Ovarian Carcinomas, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Genitourinary Carcinomas, and Primary Brain Tumors.

Assessment of the immune response to tumors is growing in importance as the prognostic implications of this response are increasingly recognized, and as immunotherapies are evaluated and implemented in different tumor types. However, many different approaches can be used to assess and describe the immune response, which limits efforts at implementation as a routine clinical biomarker. In part 1 of this review, we have proposed a standardized methodology to assess tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in solid tumors, based on the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Working Group guidelines for invasive breast carcinoma.