Kidney Energetics and Cyst Burden in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study.

Rationale & Objective: In this pilot study, we hypothesized that autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by impaired kidney oxidative metabolism that associates with kidney size and cyst burden.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting & Participants: Twenty adults with ADPKD (age, 31±6 years; 65% women; body mass index [BMI], 26.

Two-Year Treatment With Metformin During Puberty Does Not Preserve β-Cell Function in Youth With Obesity.

Context: Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is a disease of pubertal onset, associated with additional burden of pubertal insulin resistance on the β-cell.

Objective: Evaluate the impact of metformin treatment during puberty, a critical window of cardiometabolic change, on insulin sensitivity (Si) and compensatory β-cell response in youth with obesity.

Setting: Pediatric academic hospital clinical translational research center.

Feasibility and Acceptability of Accelerometer Measurement of Physical Activity in Pregnant Adolescents.

During pregnancy, physical activity relates to better maternal and child mental and physical health. Accelerometry is thought to be effective for assessing free-living physical activity, but the feasibility/acceptability of accelerometer use in pregnant adolescents has not been reported. In this short communication, we conducted secondary analysis of a small pilot study to describe the feasibility/acceptability of accelerometry in pregnant adolescents and the preliminary results of physical activity characteristics.

Puberty Is Associated with a Rising Hemoglobin A1c, Even in Youth with Normal Weight.

Our objective was to explore the longitudinal trajectory of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in well-characterized youth (n = 84) with normal weight and obesity during puberty. HbA1c rose from early puberty to Tanner stage 5, even in healthy, normal weight youth, revealing important implications for defining normal glycemia and prediabetes in adolescents.

Protocol for a pilot randomized controlled feasibility study of brief interpersonal psychotherapy for addressing social-emotional needs and preventing excess gestational weight gain in adolescents.

Background: Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) in pregnant adolescents is a major public health concern. Excess GWG increases risk of pregnancy complications as well as postpartum and offspring obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Prevention interventions for pregnant adults that target lifestyle modification (i.

The Impact of Obesity On Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion During Pubertal Progression: A Longitudinal Study.

Context: Physiologic changes in glucose metabolism are well-described to occur during puberty. However, there are important gaps in understanding the interaction between obesity and the normal physiologic changes during puberty, as well as how these changes could contribute to the increased risk of comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, in youth with obesity.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity (Si) and secretion during pubertal progression in youth with obesity versus those with normal weight.

Sex Differences in Effects of Obesity on Reproductive Hormones and Glucose Metabolism in Early Puberty.

Context: Obesity is known to impact reproductive function in adults, but little is known about its effects on reproductive hormones during puberty.

Objective: To assess sex differences in effects of obesity on reproductive hormones and their relation to insulin sensitivity and secretion.

Design: Cross-sectional study including anthropometrics, serum and urine reproductive hormone concentrations, and intravenous glucose tolerance testing (IVGTT) to assess acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), and insulin sensitivity (Si).

Design of a randomized controlled trial to decrease depression and improve insulin sensitivity in adolescents: Mood and INsulin sensitivity to prevent Diabetes (MIND).

Background: Depressive symptoms often manifest in adolescence and predict worsening insulin sensitivity, a key precursor in the path to β-cell failure and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective: To assess the efficacy of a six-week cognitive-behavioral group versus six-week health education group for improving insulin sensitivity and preserving β-cell function in adolescent girls at-risk for T2D with depressive symptoms and evaluate mechanisms underlying the association between depression and insulin dynamics.

Design: Randomized controlled trial of N = 150 12-17-year-old girls with overweight/obesity (body mass index [BMI; kg/m2] ≥85th percentile), elevated depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale [CES-D] total score > 20), and diabetes family history.