Smoking Cessation Messages for Pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women: A Rapid Review of Peer-Reviewed Literature and Assessment of Research Translation of Media Content.

This review summarized literature about knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women from Australia who smoke during pregnancy, then examined the extent that existing health promotion materials and media messages aligned with evidence on smoking cessation for pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of pregnant Aboriginal women who smoke tobacco were identified in the literature. Health promotion campaigns were retrieved from a grey literature search with keywords and social and professional networks.

Does Engaging Patients with Relevant Education About Long-Term Opioid Use Before Spine Surgery Affect Long-term Opioid Use? A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study Design: Parallel-arm randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an enhanced video education session highlighting risks of opioid utilization on longterm opioid utilization after spine surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: Long-term opioid use occurs in more than half of patients undergoing spine surgery and strategies to reduce this use are needed.

Amidinate salt of hexafluoroacetone hydrate for the preparation of fluorinated compounds by the release of trifluoroacetate.

A powerful, new reagent, an amidinate salt of hexafluoroacetone hydrate, is an air-stable salt that can be used for the preparation of fluorinated organic molecules. Nucleophilic trifluoromethylation reactions are demonstrated following the base-promoted release of trifluoroacetate. This reagent is soluble in many polar organic solvents and produces fluoroform, following the release of trifluoroacetate.

Poly(glycerol sebacate)-engineered plugs to repair chronic tympanic membrane perforations in a chinchilla model.

Objective: To evaluate the degree of neovascularization and efficacy of repair of chronic tympanic membrane perforations in a chinchilla model using poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), a novel bioengineered scaffold material.

Study Design: A feasibility study in which chinchilla ears with chronic perforations were randomly assigned to repair with PGS plugs or Gelfilm overlay myringoplasty.

Setting: Interventions were performed in the animal care facility of a tertiary care academic institution.

Incretin levels and effect are markedly enhanced 1 month after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Limited data on patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RY-GBP) suggest that an improvement in insulin secretion after surgery occurs rapidly and thus may not be wholly accounted for by weight loss. We hypothesized that in obese patients with type 2 diabetes the impaired levels and effect of incretins changed as a consequence of RY-GBP.

Research Design And Methods: Incretin (gastric inhibitory peptide [GIP] and glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1]) levels and their effect on insulin secretion were measured before and 1 month after RY-GBP in eight obese women with type 2 diabetes and in seven obese nondiabetic control subjects.

Obese subjects respond to the stimulatory effect of the ghrelin agonist growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 on food intake.

Objective: The administration of the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue GH-releasing peptide (GHRP)-2, like ghrelin, increases food intake (FI) in lean healthy men. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this effect occurs in obese subjects and whether it is dose-dependent.

Research Methods And Procedures: Nineteen subjects (10 lean and nine obese), all healthy and weight stable, received a double-blind randomized subcutaneous infusion of GHRP-2 at high dose (HD; 1 mug/kg per hour), low dose (0.

Inhibiting endogenous cortisol blunts the meal-entrained rise in serum leptin.

Context: Administration of glucocorticoids increases serum leptin levels in lean and obese individuals. A morning meal produces an increase in insulin, a cortisol peak, and an increase in leptin; these changes do not occur during fasting.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether inhibiting endogenous cortisol secretion with metyrapone decreases 24-h serum leptin levels and to determine whether a meal-related midmorning surge in cortisol is a prerequisite for the meal-entrained nocturnal rise in leptin.