On a Structural Similarity Index Approach for Floating-Point Data.

Data visualization is typically a critical component of post-processing analysis workflows for floating-point output data from large simulation codes, such as global climate models. For example, images are often created from the raw data as a means for evaluation against a reference dataset or image. While the popular Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) is a useful tool for such image comparisons, generating large numbers of images can be costly when simulation data volumes are substantial.

North Atlantic subtropical mode water formation controlled by Gulf Stream fronts.

The North Atlantic Ocean hosts the largest volume of global subtropical mode waters (STMWs) in the world, which serve as heat, carbon and oxygen silos in the ocean interior. STMWs are formed in the Gulf Stream region where thermal fronts are pervasive and result in feedback with the atmosphere. However, their roles in STMW formation have been overlooked.