Cross-sectional survey of SARS-CoV-2 testing at US airports and one health department's proactive management of travelers.

Background: Many health departments and private enterprises began offering SARS-CoV-2 testing to travelers at US airports in 2020. Persons with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results who have planned upcoming travel may be subject to US federal public health travel restrictions. We assessed availability of testing for SARS-CoV-2 at major US airports.

HIV Care Outcomes in Relation to Racial Redlining and Structural Factors Affecting Medical Care Access Among Black and White Persons with Diagnosed HIV-United States, 2017.

Black/African American (Black) versus White persons are unequally burdened by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States. Structural factors can influence social determinants of health, key components in reducing HIV-related health inequality by race. This analysis examined HIV care outcomes among Black and White persons with diagnosed HIV (PWDH) in relation to three structural factors: racial redlining, Medicaid expansion, and Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) use.

The spatial epidemiology of pediatric trauma: A statewide assessment.

Background: Despite significant advances in the prevention and treatment of pediatric trauma, preventable injuries continue to burden the lives of millions of children. To target prevention strategies, it is critical to identify areas with high burdens of pediatric trauma. Therefore, this study analyzed statewide data from the Ohio Trauma Registry from 2007 to 2012 to identify geographical patterns in pediatric injury.

Characteristics of Traumatically Injured Pediatric Assault Patients: A Statewide Assesment in Ohio.

Background: Assault is the most common form of intentional injury resulting in pediatric death. This large retrospective study analyzed statewide data from the Ohio Trauma Registry (87% of the state's hospitals) to describe risk factors of assault for pediatric trauma patients.

Methods: Of 16,938 pediatric trauma patients younger than 16 years in the state trauma registry, assault was identified in 758 patients.

The risk of midgut volvulus in patients with abdominal wall defects: A multi-institutional study.

Background: The management of malrotation in patients with congenital abdominal wall defects has varied among surgeons. We were interested in investigating the risk of midgut volvulus in patients with gastroschisis and omphalocele to help determine if these patients may benefit from undergoing a Ladd procedure.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients managed at three institutions born between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2008 with a diagnosis of gastroschisis or omphalocele.

Collaborative Development and Results of a Nigerian Trauma Registry.

Background: More than 90% of injury-related deaths and disabilities occur in low- and middle-income countries. The development of the Nigerian Trauma Registry (NTR) and the first descriptive data analysis of the patient characteristics, mechanisms of injury, injury severity, and treatments are reported.

Methods: Existing data collection tools were modified to capture a minimum data set of variables reflective of the trauma experience in Nigeria.

Factors associated with patients transferred from undesignated trauma centers to trauma centers.

Background: Timely access to the appropriate level of care, both in the prehospital and in the hospital setting, is necessary to optimize outcomes in severely injured pediatric trauma patients. However, a substantial portion of the pediatric population does not have adequate timely access to a verified Level 1 trauma center. This study aimed to identify significant predictors of in-hospital mortality and transfer to a higher level of care.

Vulnerability and chronic illness management in pediatric kidney and liver transplant recipients.

Context: Solid-organ transplant is the treatment of choice for end-stage organ failure and requires a transition from management of a life-threatening condition to a chronic illness. Despite research focusing on quality of life after transplant, there is a gap addressing the role of managing a chronic illness focusing on vulnerability and impact on family.

Objective: Identify patient and family patterns of adaptation among kidney and liver transplant recipients in regard to (1) vulnerability, (2) impact of illness on the family, (3) family functioning, and (4) quality of life (parent and child report).

The risk of volvulus in abdominal wall defects.

Background: Congenital abdominal wall defects are associated with abnormal intestinal rotation and fixation. A Ladd's procedure is not routinely performed in these patients; it is believed intestinal fixation is provided by adhesions that develop post-repair of the defects. However, patients with omphalocele may not have adequately protective postoperative adhesions because of difference in the inflammatory state of the bowel wall and in repair strategy.

The burden of musculoskeletal disease in Sierra Leone.

Background: Musculoskeletal disease is a major cause of disability in the global burden of disease, yet data regarding the magnitude of this burden in developing countries are lacking. The Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical Need (SOSAS) survey was designed to measure the incidence and prevalence of surgically treatable conditions, including musculoskeletal conditions, in patients in low- and middle-income countries, and was administered in the West African nation of Sierra Leone in 2012.

Purpose: We attempted to quantify the burden of potentially treatable musculoskeletal conditions in patients in Sierra Leone.

Is the Trauma Mortality Prediction Model (TMPM-ICD-9) a valid predictor of mortality in pediatric trauma patients?

Background/purpose: Researchers are constantly challenged to identify optimal mortality risk adjustment methodologies that perform accurately in pediatric trauma patients. This study evaluated the new Trauma Mortality Prediction Model (TMPM-ICD-9) in pediatric trauma patients.

Methods: Data were analyzed on 107,104 pediatric trauma patients included in the NTDB® in 2010 who had both a valid ISS and probability of death using TMPM-ICD-9.