Feasibility of fine needle aspiration for diagnosis of b-cell lymphoma of the thyroid: a case series and review of the literature.

Background: Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare cancer accounting for approximately 5% of thyroid malignancies. Historically, incisional biopsy has been the gold standard for definitive diagnosis of PTL, however, the use of cell block as an adjunct to fine needle aspiration (FNA) provides a high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis and classification.

Methods: Three patients presented with a symptomatic enlarging thyroid mass.

Bilateral cholesterol granulomas of the maxillary sinus with review of the literature.

Cholesterol granulomas are a common benign pathology classically found in the mastoid antrum and air cells of the temporal bone and less commonly found in the paranasal sinuses. We present a unique case of bilateral cholesterol granulomas of the maxillary sinus that is the second case to our knowledge reported in the literature. In an effort to provide an update about cholesterol granulomas of the paranasal sinuses, we examined the literature from January 2011 through 2021 in conjunction with a previous systematic review of the literature from 1970 to December 2010.

Validation of p16 immunocytochemical staining on alcohol-fixed aspirate smears: A single-institutional study with review of the literature.

Background: Determining human papillomavirus (HPV) status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma can have a significant impact on treatment and clinical outcomes. Because fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is typically an initial diagnostic modality in a patient workup for primary or suspected metastatic disease, immunostaining for p16 on FNA material is a promising option to determine HPV tumor status, possibly avoiding biopsies or excisions. In this study, the authors investigated the possibility of using alcohol-fixed smears as a reliable alternative for reporting p16 status.

Unique Multidisciplinary Training Practices in Cytopathology: Simulation Training in Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration of the Thyroid.

The training of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in pathology residency and fellowship programs can be a challenging task with variable outcomes, particularly when there is a lack of a standardized approach. In 2014, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with the Endocrine Division of the Department of Medicine at the University of Vermont Medical Center implemented simulation training for the incoming cytopathology and endocrinology fellows prior to fellows interacting with patients at the clinic in order to provide a structured approach to learning the technical components of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. In 2018, a second simulation session was added to focus on communication, providing fellows an opportunity to further develop the communication skills that enhance patient connection, empathy, and trust.

A case of secretory carcinoma of the submandibular gland with unusual immunohistochemical staining.

Mammaglobin negative secretory carcinoma may be overlooked. It is important to assess the possibility of diagnosis when histology is suggestive and immunohistochemical staining for S-100 is positive even when staining for mammaglobin is negative.

Conditions associated with the need for additional needle passes in ultrasound-guided thyroid fine-needle aspiration with rapid on-site pathology evaluation.

Background: Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) is a valuable tool for specimen adequacy assessment in thyroid ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-guided FNA). To reduce the risk of nondiagnostic samples, additional needle passes may be needed at ROSE to ensure adequate sampling. Recommendations regarding the number of aspirates to ensure specimen adequacy are not well defined.

SMARCB1-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma: A Case Report and Discussion of the Clinical Implications.

Objective: SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal tract carcinomas are an emerging subset of rare tumors recently described in the literature, with less than 100 reported cases. Given the aggressive nature of this tumor, timely diagnosis is especially important. We present a case report of a SMARCB1-deficient carcinoma of the sinonasal tract.

Mucosal serotonin signaling is altered in chronic constipation but not in opiate-induced constipation.

Objectives: Changes in mucosal serotonin (5-HT) signaling have been detected in a number of functional and inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This study was undertaken to determine whether chronic constipation (CC) is associated with disordered 5-HT signaling and to evaluate whether constipation caused by opiate use causes such changes.

Methods: Human rectal biopsy samples were obtained from healthy volunteers, individuals with idiopathic CC, and individuals taking opiate medication with or without occurrence of constipation.

Statistical treatment of fluorescence in situ hybridization validation data to generate normal reference ranges using Excel functions.

Fluorescent in situ hybridization has become an essential tool for diagnosing and monitoring hematological disease. Testing for minimal residual disease requires precise and accurate normal cut-offs. There is no consensus in the field on the correct method of establishing a normal reference range.

IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha decrease serotonin transporter function and expression in Caco2 cells.

Recent studies have shown that mucosal serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) expression is decreased in animal models of colitis, as well as in the colonic mucosa of humans with ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. Altered SERT function or expression may underlie the altered motility, secretion, and sensation seen in these inflammatory gut disorders. In an effort to elucidate possible mediators of SERT downregulation, we treated cultured colonic epithelial cells (Caco2) with conditioned medium from activated human lymphocytes.