Fetal growth restriction adversely impacts trajectory of hippocampal neurodevelopment and function.

The last pregnancy trimester is critical for fetal brain development but is a vulnerable period if the pregnancy is compromised by fetal growth restriction (FGR). The impact of FGR on the maturational development of neuronal morphology is not known, however, studies in fetal sheep allow longitudinal analysis in a long gestation species. Here we compared hippocampal neuron dendritogenesis in FGR and control fetal sheep at three timepoints equivalent to the third trimester of pregnancy, complemented by magnetic resonance image for brain volume, and electrophysiology for synaptic function.

Evaluation of a Pregnancy Options Counseling Curriculum for Pediatric Residents.

Purpose: To evaluate an adolescent-centered pregnancy options counseling curriculum for pediatric residents.

Methods: In 2022, we assessed the curriculum in one residency by randomizing half the residents to a pretraining or posttraining Observed Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE). We scored the OSCE by 15-item rubric and analyzed results by Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests.

Beliefs and behaviors regarding abortion counseling among U.S. clinicians caring for adolescents.

Study Objective: To determine clinician factors associated with discussing abortion during pregnancy options counseling among adolescents.

Methods: We recruited and surveyed a convenience sample of U.S.

Clinician Perspectives on Adolescent Contraceptive Counseling Following Dobbs v. Jackson: Implications for Young People's Contraceptive Autonomy.

Objective: The objective of this study is to understand whether clinicians who provide contraceptive counseling to adolescent patients perceive that the Dobbs decision has influenced their counseling.

Study Design: We conducted in-depth interviews with a convenience sample of 16 clinicians who provide contraceptive counseling to adolescents at the American Academy of Pediatrics annual conference in October 2022. We used thematic content analysis and an iterative process of constant comparison to identify themes inductively.

Beyond stigma: Clinician bias in contraceptive counseling to sexual and gender minority youth.

Objectives: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth experience disparities in sexual and reproductive health; however, little is known about how clinicians engage in contraceptive counseling with this patient population. This study describes pediatric clinician patterns and biases in contraceptive counseling with SGM youth.

Study Design: We conducted 16 in-depth interviews with a convenience sample of clinicians who counsel adolescents on contraception.

Semiautomated generation of species-specific training data from large, unlabeled acoustic datasets for deep supervised birdsong isolation.

Background: Bioacoustic monitoring is an effective and minimally invasive method to study wildlife ecology. However, even the state-of-the-art techniques for analyzing birdsongs decrease in accuracy in the presence of extraneous signals such as anthropogenic noise and vocalizations of non-target species. Deep supervised source separation (DSSS) algorithms have been shown to effectively separate mixtures of animal vocalizations.

BioSense: An automated sensing node for organismal and environmental biology.

Automated remote sensing has revolutionized the fields of wildlife ecology and environmental science. Yet, a cost-effective and flexible approach for large scale monitoring has not been fully developed, resulting in a limited collection of high-resolution data. Here, we describe BioSense, a low-cost and fully programmable automated sensing platform for applications in bioacoustics and environmental studies.

Exploring primary care physician biases in adolescent contraceptive counseling.

Objective(s): While previous literature has shown clinician bias in adult contraceptive counseling, less is known on the biases clinicians may exhibit when counseling adolescents about contraception. Our study aimed to describe long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) counseling and prescribing practices of adolescent-serving clinicians.

Study Design: This study used a cross-sectional discrete choice experiment mixed methods design.

Exploring adolescent-facing US clinicians' perceptions of their contraceptive counseling and use of shared decision-making: A qualitative study.

Background: Adolescent contraceptive decision-making is influenced by a number of patient and clinician-driven factors. Although the AAP continues to endorse an efficacy-based model of contraceptive counseling, many professional organizations are shifting to a shared decision-making model as the optimal approach for providing unbiased and patient-driven contraceptive counseling. While SDM is intended to reduce the influence of clinician bias, it can exacerbate inequity if a clinician tailors a conversation based on their assumptions of a patient's goals or preferences.

Leveraging Transfer Superposition Theory for Stable-State Visual Evoked Potential Cross-Subject Frequency Recognition.

In steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), various spatial filtering methods based on individual calibration data have been proposed to alleviate the interference of spontaneous activities in SSVEP signals for enhancing the SSVEP detection performance. However, the necessary calibration procedures take time, cause visual fatigue and reduce usability. For the calibration-free scenario, we propose a cross-subject frequency identification method based on transfer superimposed theory for SSVEP frequency decoding.

Trends in Continuation of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Among Adolescents Receiving Medicaid.

Purpose: Despite increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) among U.S. adolescents, there is limited literature on factors affecting intrauterine device (IUD) or subdermal implant use.

The synergistic effects of mechanical ventilation and intrauterine inflammation on cerebral inflammation in preterm fetal sheep.

Background: Intrauterine inflammation and the requirement for mechanical ventilation independently increase the risk of perinatal brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We aimed to investigate the effects of mechanical ventilation for 24 h, with and without prior exposure to intrauterine inflammation, on markers of brain inflammation and injury in the preterm sheep brain.

Methods: Chronically instrumented fetal sheep at ~115 days of gestation were randomly allocated to receive a single intratracheal dose of 1 mg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or isovolumetric saline, then further randomly allocated 1 h after to receive mechanical ventilation with room air or no mechanical ventilation (unventilated control + saline [UVC,  = 7]; mechanical ventilation + saline [VENT,  = 8], unventilated control + intratracheal LPS [UVC + LPS,  = 7]; ventilation + intratracheal LPS [VENT + LPS,  = 7]).

The perceived impact of a post-Dobbs landscape on U.S. adolescents and young adults.

Objective(s): To capture the perspectives and knowledge of adolescents and young adults on abortion-related topics following the Dobbs decision.

Study Design: Qualitative content analysis of an open-ended, five-question survey fielded on October 28, 2022 via the MyVoice project, a nationwide weekly text message poll of 14-24-year-olds.

Results: We found the respondents (N = 565, response rate 71%) had a mean age of 20.

Increasing access to LARC removal in pediatrics to support adolescent reproductive justice in the United States.

Background: In the United States (U.S.), adolescents and young adults are increasingly using contraception, including long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) [e.

Umbilical cord blood-derived therapy for preterm lung injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Lung injuries, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), remain a major complication of preterm birth, with limited therapeutic options. One potential emerging therapy is umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived therapy.

Objectives: To systematically assess the safety and efficacy of UCB-derived therapy for preterm lung injury in preclinical and clinical studies.

Phenotype of early-onset fetal growth restriction in sheep.

Introduction: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common pregnancy complication, caused by placental insufficiency, with serious adverse consequences for development and postnatal wellbeing. There are no antenatal treatments to improve growth or organ development in FGR, and animal models are essential to mimic the physiological adaptations in FGR and to assess potential interventions. This study aimed to identify the temporal nature of reduced developmental trajectory in fetuses with FGR, and to examine the effects of common factors that may mediate differential growth such as glucocorticoid treatment.

Perinatal compromise affects development, form, and function of the hippocampus part one; clinical studies.

The hippocampus is a neuron-rich specialised brain structure that plays a central role in the regulation of emotions, learning and memory, cognition, spatial navigation, and motivational processes. In human fetal development, hippocampal neurogenesis is principally complete by mid-gestation, with subsequent maturation comprising dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis in the third trimester of pregnancy and infancy. Dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis underpin connectivity.

A liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric procedure for analysis of pentaerythrityl tetranitrate metabolites - Development, validation and application to ovine serum and human plasma samples.

Pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN) is an established drug in the treatment of coronary heart disease and heart failure. It is assumed, that the vasodilative and vasoprotective effects of PETN also have a positive impact on pregnant patients with impaired placental perfusion and studies evaluating the effect of PETN in risk pregnancies have been carried out. In the context of these clinical trials, measuring of serum levels of PETN and its metabolites pentaerythrityl trinitrate (PETriN), pentaerythrityl dinitrate (PEDN), pentaerythrityl mononitrate (PEMN) and pentaerythritol (PE) were required.

"It Means Being Safe, Having Power over One's Body": Black Female Adolescent Experiences with Reproductive Health Counseling in Primary Care.

Study Objective: There is limited research examining the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care needs and experiences of Black adolescents who are assigned female at birth (AFAB). This study aimed to understand the perspectives of Black AFAB adolescents in their receipt of SRH counseling in primary care and elicit preferences for SRH-related communication with clinicians.

Methods: We interviewed English-speaking Black AFAB adolescents, ages 13-17, living in North Carolina between February and June 2022 about their SRH care experiences.