Metabolite responses of cucumber on copper toxicity in presence of fullerene C derivatives.

Copper (Cu) toxicity in crops is a result of excessive release of Cu into environment. Little is known about mitigation of Cu toxicity through the application of carbon-based nanomaterials including water-soluble fullerene C derivatives. Two derivatives of fullerene were examined: polyhydroxylated C (fullerenol) and arginine C derivative.