Ethnic disparities in perceived racism, patient-provider communication and healthcare utilization: Asian Americans.

Background: Race is a consequential sociocultural cue in healthcare contexts. Racism is associated with health disparities by influencing patient-provider communication and utilization of healthcare services.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how Asian American subgroups differ in their perception of everyday racism, internalized racism, and perceived racism in healthcare settings and whether these perceptions predict their interactions with their health care providers and their utilization of healthcare services.

Racism, self-rated general health status, and health-related quality of life among Black and Asian Americans.

Race is a consequential sociocultural cue in healthcare contexts. Racism is associated with health disparities. Extant research shows significant health inequities between white and Black people.

Age-dependent susceptibility to reovirus encephalitis in mice is influenced by maturation of the type-I interferon response.

BackgroundInfants and young children are particularly susceptible to viral encephalitis; however, the mechanisms are unknown. We determined the age-dependent contribution of innate and adaptive immune functions to reovirus-induced encephalitis in mice.MethodsNewborn wild-type mice, 2-20 days of age, were inoculated with reovirus or diluent and monitored for mortality, weight gain, and viral load.

Comparison of Medicaid spending in schizoaffective patients treated with once monthly paliperidone palmitate or oral atypical antipsychotics.

Background: Compared to oral atypical antipsychotics (OAAs), long-acting injectable antipsychotics require less frequent administration, and thus may improve adherence and reduce risk of relapse in schizoaffective disorder (SAD) patients.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of once monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP) versus OAAs on healthcare resource utilization, Medicaid spending, and hospital readmission among SAD patients.

Methods: Using FL, IA, KS, MS, MO, and NJ Medicaid data (January 2009-December 2013), adults with ≥2 SAD diagnoses initiated on PP or OAA (index date) were identified.

Phorbol ester-induced human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early (MIE) enhancer activation through PKC-delta, CREB, and NF-kappaB desilences MIE gene expression in quiescently infected human pluripotent NTera2 cells.

The ways in which human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate-early (MIE) gene expression breaks silence from latency to initiate the viral replicative cycle are poorly understood. A delineation of the signaling cascades that desilence the HCMV MIE genes during viral quiescence in the human pluripotent N-Tera2 (NT2) cell model provides insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying HCMV reactivation. In this model, we show that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) immediately activates the expression of HCMV MIE RNA and protein and greatly increases the MIE-positive (MIE(+)) NT2 cell population density; levels of Oct4 (pluripotent cell marker) and HCMV genome penetration are unchanged.

Breaking human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early gene silence by vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulation of the protein kinase A-CREB-TORC2 signaling cascade in human pluripotent embryonal NTera2 cells.

The triggering mechanisms underlying reactivation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in latently infected persons are unclear. During latency, HCMV major immediate-early (MIE) gene expression breaks silence to initiate viral reactivation. Using quiescently HCMV-infected human pluripotent embryonal NTera2 cells (NT2) to model HCMV reactivation, we show that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), an immunomodulatory neuropeptide, immediately and dose-dependently (1 to 500 nM) activates HCMV MIE gene expression.

Reversal of human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early enhancer/promoter silencing in quiescently infected cells via the cyclic AMP signaling pathway.

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate-early (MIE) enhancer contains five functional cyclic AMP (cAMP) response elements (CRE). Because the CRE in their native context do not contribute appreciably to MIE enhancer/promoter activity in lytically infected human fibroblasts and NTera2 (NT2)-derived neurons, we postulated that they might have a role in MIE enhancer/promoter reactivation in quiescently infected cells. Here, we show that stimulation of the cAMP signaling pathway by treatment with forskolin (FSK), an adenylyl cyclase activator, greatly alleviates MIE enhancer/promoter silencing in quiescently infected NT2 neuronal precursors.

Novel rearrangements of an N-oxide degradate formed from oxidation of a morpholine acetal substance P antagonist.

Compound 1 [5-[2(R)-[1(R)-(3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl) ethoxy]-3(s)-(4-fluorophenyl)morpholin-4-ylmethyl]-3h-[1,2,3] triazol-4-ylmethyl]dimethylamine represents a new class of potent, orally active substance P antagonists, which possess a characteristic structural feature-a cis-2-alkoxy-3-arylmorpholine core. The oxidative degradation of 1 in drug substance and formulations was found to occur through the two trialkylamine oxides, which undergo secondary degradations to give rise to observed degradation products. In this study, the five primary degradation products of the N-oxide 2 formed from the oxidation of the morpholine core of 1 were identified by LC/MS and MS/MS.

Extraction of o-phenylphenol from silicone tubing by a sulfobutylether cyclodextrin formulation.

During a compatibility study between a formulation containing sulfobutylether cyclodextrin (SBECD) and silicone tubing, an extraneous peak was observed in the HPLC chromatograms. The extraneous material was identified by LC/MS, MS/MS and UV as a previously unreported tubing extractable, o-phenylphenol (o-PP). Several studies were conducted to assess the impact of formulation and process-related variables on the amount of the o-PP extracted, including contact time, sulfobutylether cyclodextrin concentration, formulation pH, and tubing sterilization and storage conditions.