Image directed redesign of bladder cancer treatment pathways: the BladderPath RCT.

Background: Transurethral resection of bladder tumour has been the mainstay of bladder cancer staging for > 60 years. Staging inaccuracies are commonplace, leading to delayed treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging offers rapid, accurate and non-invasive staging of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, potentially reducing delays to radical treatment.

Evaluating atezolizumab in patients with urinary tract squamous cell carcinoma (AURORA): study protocol for a single arm, open-label, multicentre, phase II clinical trial.

Background: Bladder and urinary tract cancers account for approximately 21,000 new diagnoses and 5,000 deaths annually in the UK. Approximately 90% are transitional cell carcinomas where advanced disease is treated with platinum based chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 directed immunotherapy. Urinary tract squamous cell carcinoma (UTSCC) accounts for about 5% of urinary tract cancers overall making this a rare disease.

Diagnosis, treatment and survival from bladder, upper urinary tract, and urethral cancers: real-world findings from NHS England between 2013 and 2019.

Objective: We report NHS England data for patients with bladder cancer (BC), upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC: renal pelvic and ureteric), and urethral cancers from 2013 to 2019.

Materials And Methods: Hospital episode statistics, waiting times, and cancer registrations were extracted from NHS Digital.

Results: Registrations included 128 823 individuals with BC, 16 018 with UTUC, and 2533 with urethral cancer.

Comparing an Imaging-guided Pathway with the Standard Pathway for Staging Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Preliminary Data from the BladderPath Study.

Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is central to the diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). With the oncological safety of TURBT unknown, staging inaccuracies commonplace, and correct treatment of MIBC potentially delayed, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) may offer rapid, accurate, and noninvasive diagnosis of MIBC. BladderPath is a randomised trial comparing risk-stratified (5-point Likert scale) image-directed care with TURBT for patients with newly diagnosed BC.

CALIBER: a phase II randomized feasibility trial of chemoablation with mitomycin-C vs surgical management in low-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the activity of intravesical mitomycin-C (MMC) to ablate recurrent low-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and assess whether it may enable patients to avoid surgical intervention for treatment of recurrence.

Patients And Methods: CALIBER is a phase II feasibility study. Participants were randomized (2:1) to treatment with four once-weekly MMC 40-mg intravesical instillations (chemoablation arm) or to surgical management.

Experimental Analysis of the Grazing Interaction Between a Mayfly and Stream Algae.

The interaction between the grazing mayfly Ameletus validus and periphyton in a small, northern California stream was examined by manipulating the density of the mayfly in flow-through plexiglass channels. Containing natural cobble substrate and located in situ, the channels established an initial gradient of A. validus at 0, 0.

INTERACTION OF IONIZED AND UN-IONIZED AMMONIA ON SHORT-TERM SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF PRAWN LARVAE, MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGH.

1. The toxicity of ammonia to Macrobrachium larvae was tested at pH 6.83, 7.