Diffusion Tensor Imaging-Along the Perivascular-Space Index Is Associated with Disease Progression in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: The glymphatic clearance pathway is a waste clearance system that allows for removal of soluble proteins such as amyloid β (Aβ) from the brain. Higher Aβ levels are associated with cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Diffusion tensor imaging-along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) is an imaging measure proposed to indirectly measure glymphatic function.

Effects of deep brain stimulation on quantitative sleep electroencephalogram during non-rapid eye movement in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Sleep dysfunction is frequently experienced by people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and negatively influences quality of life. Although subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) can improve sleep in PD, sleep microstructural features such as sleep spindles provide additional insights about healthy sleep. For example, sleep spindles are important for better cognitive performance and for sleep consolidation in healthy adults.

Quantitative sleep electroencephalogram and cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease with and without rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) are at greater risk for cognitive decline and RBD has been associated with alterations in sleep-related EEG oscillations. This study evaluates differences in sleep quantitative EEG (qEEG) and cognition in PD participants with (PD-RBD) and without RBD (PD-no-RBD).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, polysomnography (PSG)-derived qEEG and a comprehensive level II neuropsychological assessment were compared between PD-RBD ( = 21) and PD-no-RBD ( = 31).

Quantitative Sleep Electroencephalogram in Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Sleep disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and include alterations in sleep-related EEG oscillations.

Objective: This case-control study tested the hypothesis that patients with PD would have a lower density of Scalp-Slow Wave (SW) oscillations and higher slow-to-fast frequencies ratio in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep than non-PD controls. Other sleep-related quantitative EEG (qEEG) features were also examined, including SW morphology, sleep spindles, and Scalp-SW spindle phase-amplitude coupling.

Effects of exercise on sleep spindles in Parkinson's disease.

Background: In a randomized, controlled trial, we showed that high-intensity rehabilitation, combining resistance training and body-weight interval training, improves sleep efficiency in Parkinson's disease (PD). Quantitative sleep EEG (sleep qEEG) features, including sleep spindles, are altered in aging and in neurodegenerative disease.

Objective: The objective of this post-hoc analysis was to determine the effects of exercise, in comparison to a sleep hygiene, no-exercise control group, on the quantitative characteristics of sleep spindle morphology in PD.

Taking the Time to Assess Cognition in Parkinson's Disease: The Clock Drawing Test.

Background: Cognitive impairment is common and disabling in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive testing can be time consuming in the clinical setting. One rapid test to detect cognitive impairment in non-PD populations is the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), which calls upon the brain's executive and visuospatial abilities to draw a clock designating a certain time.

Slow Wave Sleep and EEG Delta Spectral Power are Associated with Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Cognitive and sleep dysfunction are common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: Determine the relationship between slow wave sleep (SWS) and cognitive performance in PD.

Methods: Thirty-two PD participants were evaluated with polysomnography and a comprehensive level II neurocognitive battery, as defined by the Movement Disorders Society Task Force for diagnosis of PD-mild cognitive impairment.

Randomized, Controlled Trial of Exercise on Objective and Subjective Sleep in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Sleep dysfunction is common and disabling in persons with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Exercise improves motor symptoms and subjective sleep quality in PD, but there are no published studies evaluating the impact of exercise on objective sleep outcomes. The goal of this study was to to determine if high-intensity exercise rehabilitation combining resistance training and body-weight interval training, compared with a sleep hygiene control improved objective sleep outcomes in PD.

Pedestrian safety in patients with Parkinson's disease: A case-control study.

Background: Patients with Parkinson's disease experience debilitating motor symptoms as well as nonmotor symptoms, such as cognitive dysfunction and sleep disorders. This constellation of symptoms has the potential to negatively influence pedestrian safety. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of motor symptoms, daytime sleepiness, impaired vigilance, and cognitive dysfunction with pedestrian behavior in patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy older adults.

Effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on objective sleep outcomes in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Sleep dysfunction is a common and disabling non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves motor symptoms and subjective sleep in PD, but alternative stimulation parameters to optimize sleep have not been explored. We hypothesized that low frequency STN DBS would improve objective sleep more than conventional settings.

The effect of unilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on depression in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Depression is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and adversely affects quality of life. Both unilateral and bilateral subthalamic (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) effectively treat the motor symptoms of PD, but questions remain regarding the impact of unilateral STN DBS on non-motor symptoms, such as depression.

Methods: We report changes in depression, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), in 50 consecutive PD patients who underwent unilateral STN DBS.