Differential dysregulation of granule subsets in WASH-deficient neutrophil leukocytes resulting in inflammation.

Dysregulated secretion in neutrophil leukocytes associates with human inflammatory disease. The exocytosis response to triggering stimuli is sequential; gelatinase granules modulate the initiation of the innate immune response, followed by the release of pro-inflammatory azurophilic granules, requiring stronger stimulation. Exocytosis requires actin depolymerization which is actively counteracted under non-stimulatory conditions.

White-tailed deer consumption of emergent macrophytes mediates aquatic-to-terrestrial nutrient flows.

Trophic interactions between mobile animals and their food sources often vector resource flows across ecosystem boundaries. However, the quality and quantity of such ecological subsidies may be altered by indirect interactions between seemingly unconnected taxa. We studied whether emergent macrophytes growing at the aquatic-terrestrial interface facilitate multi-step aquatic-to-terrestrial resource flows between streams and terrestrial herbivores.

Immune Imprinting Drives Human Norovirus Potential for Global Spread.

Understanding the complex interactions between virus and host that drive new strain evolution is key to predicting the emergence potential of variants and informing vaccine development. Under our hypothesis, future dominant human norovirus GII.4 variants with critical antigenic properties that allow them to spread are currently circulating undetected, having diverged years earlier.

The spatial distribution of glycogen and glycogen consumption in muscle cells.

David G. Allen looks at new research from the Nielsen lab.

Norovirus attribution study: Detection of norovirus from the commercial food preparation environment in outbreak and non-outbreak premises.

Aims: Norovirus remains the most significant virological risk that is transmitted via food and the environment to cause acute gastroenteritis. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the contamination of the commercial food production environment with norovirus will be higher in premises that have recently reported a foodborne norovirus outbreak than those that have not.

Methods: Sampling of commercial food production environments was carried out across a 16-month period between January 2015 and April 2016 in the South East and the North West of England by local authority environmental health departments as part of routine surveillance visits to premises.

On Coase and COVID-19.

From an epidemiological perspective, the COVID-19 pandemic is a public health crisis. From an economic perspective, it is an externality and a social cost. Strikingly, almost all economic policy to address the infection externality has been formulated within a Pigovian analysis of implicit taxes and subsidies directed by a social planner drawing on social cost-benefit analysis.

Paediatric early warning systems: not a simple answer to a complex question.

Paediatric early warning systems (PEWS) to reduce in-hospital mortality have been a laudable endeavour. Evaluation of their impact has rarely examined the internal validity of the components of PEWS in achieving desired outcomes. We highlight the assumptions made regarding the mode of action of PEWS and, as PEWS become more commonplace, this paper asks whether we really understand their function, process and outcome.

Coupled Dynamic Material Flow, Multimedia Environmental Model, and Ecological Risk Analysis for Chemical Management: A Di(2-ethylhexhyl) Phthalate Case in China.

Di(2-ethylhexhyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer that has adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. However, data about its stocks, flows, emission rates, as well as ecological risks are generally unknown in China, one of the world's largest producers of chemicals including DEHP, limiting sound management of chemicals. Herein, dynamic material flow analysis, coupled with a multimedia environmental model and ecological risk analysis, was performed to fill the data gap about DEHP in China mainland from 1956 to 2020.

Validation of accelerometry as a digital phenotyping measure of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Negative symptoms are commonly assessed via clinical rating scales; however, these measures have several inherent limitations that impact validity and utility for their use in clinical trials. Objective digital phenotyping measures that overcome some of these limitations are now available. The current study evaluated the validity of accelerometry (ACL), a passive digital phenotyping method that involves collecting data on the presence, vigor, and variability of movement.

Endothelial cell death after ionizing radiation does not impair vascular structure in mouse tumor models.

The effect of radiation therapy on tumor vasculature has long been a subject of debate. Increased oxygenation and perfusion have been documented during radiation therapy. Conversely, apoptosis of endothelial cells in irradiated tumors has been proposed as a major contributor to tumor control.

Reconceptualizing the hyporheic zone for nonperennial rivers and streams.

Nonperennial streams dominate global river networks and are increasing in occurrence across space and time. When surface flow ceases or the surface water dries, flow or moisture can be retained in the subsurface sediments of the hyporheic zone, supporting aquatic communities and ecosystem processes. However, hydrological and ecological definitions of the hyporheic zone have been developed in perennial rivers and emphasize the mixing of water and organisms, respectively, from both the surface stream and groundwater.

Cluster analysis of negative symptoms identifies distinct negative symptom subgroups.

The heterogeneity of schizophrenia has been acknowledged for decades because of the diverse presentation of symptoms, illness course, and treatment response noted between individuals diagnosed with the disorder. Cluster analysis has been used as a statistical method to determine whether schizophrenia subgroups might be identified based on symptom heterogeneity. However, there is very limited research examining whether heterogeneity in negative symptoms might be useful in establishing schizophrenia subtypes, particularly research examining newer models of negative symptoms based on five latent constructs including anhedonia, asociality, avolition, blunted affect, and alogia.

The IDentif.AI-x pandemic readiness platform: Rapid prioritization of optimized COVID-19 combination therapy regimens.

IDentif.AI-x, a clinically actionable artificial intelligence platform, was used to rapidly pinpoint and prioritize optimal combination therapies against COVID-19 by pairing a prospective, experimental validation of multi-drug efficacy on a SARS-CoV-2 live virus and Vero E6 assay with a quadratic optimization workflow. A starting pool of 12 candidate drugs developed in collaboration with a community of infectious disease clinicians was first narrowed down to a six-drug pool and then interrogated in 50 combination regimens at three dosing levels per drug, representing 729 possible combinations.

Antigenic Site Immunodominance Redirection Following Repeat Variant Exposure.

Human norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, driven by antigenic variants within the GII.4 genotype. Antibody responses to GII.

Impact of COVID-19 on nationwide pediatric otolaryngology practice: Adenotonsillectomies (TA) and tonsil-related diagnoses trends.

Objectives/hypothesis: To determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Adenotonsillectomies (TA), Tonsil Related Cases (TC), and Peritonsillar Abscess (PTA) Trends.

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System® (PHIS) database, which consists of 51 children's hospitals.

Characterization of Bacteria Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS): Influence of Microbiological Factors on the SERS Spectra.

SERS is currently being explored as a rapid method for identification of bacteria but variation in the experimental procedures has resulted in considerable variation in the spectra reported for a range of bacterial species. Here, we show that mixing bacteria with a conventional citrate-reduced silver colloid (CRSC) and drying the resulting suspension yield highly reproducible spectra. These signals were due to intracellular components released when the structure of the bacteria was disrupted during sample preparation.

Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype: A New Association with IgM Paraproteinaemic Neuropathy?

It is well recognized that B-cell clonal disorders such as Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia may affect the central nervous system by direct infiltration of malignant B cells (Bing-Neel syndrome). However, there is no recognition in the current literature of a clear link between paraproteinaemia and primary brain tumours such as glioma. We present 3 cases of classical IgM paraproteinaemic neuropathy who developed glioblastoma in the course of their illness following treatment with chemoimmunotherapy (CIT).

Comparative Metabolic Analysis Reveals a Metabolic Switch in Mature, Hydrated, and Germinated Pollen in .

Pollen germination is an essential process for pollen tube growth, pollination, and therefore seed production in flowering plants, and it requires energy either from remobilization of stored carbon sources, such as lipids and starches, or from secreted exudates from the stigma. Transcriptome analysis from pollen germination previously showed that 14 GO terms, including metabolism and energy, were overrepresented in . However, little is understood about global changes in carbohydrate and energy-related metabolites during the transition from mature pollen grain to hydrated pollen, a prerequisite to pollen germination, in most plants, including .

Clinical Outcomes and Survivorship of Hybrid Total Hip Arthroplasty Performed Through the Anterior Approach.

Introduction: There is growing evidence that cemented femoral stems have lower complication rates in the elderly due to lower rates of periprosthetic fracture. The main objective of this study was to analyze the survival rate of a hybrid total hip arthroplasty (THA) construct utilizing a taper-slip femoral stem implanted through the anterior approach (AA). Secondary outcome measures were the complication rate, the rate of aseptic loosening, coronal plane alignment of the stem, and the grade of the cement mantle.

Current ecotoxicity testing needs among selected U.S. federal agencies.

U.S. regulatory and research agencies use ecotoxicity test data to assess the hazards associated with substances that may be released into the environment, including but not limited to industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, food additives, and color additives.