Insights into heat treatments of biodegradable Mg-Y-Nd-Zr alloys in clinical settings: Unveiling roles of β' and β nanophases and latent in vivo hydrogen evolution.

Heat treatment serves as a viable strategy to effectively mitigate the intense corrosion of biodegradable WE43 alloys. However, limited comprehension of the passivation mechanisms underlying heat treatment and the dilemma to quantitatively examine the evolution of hydrogen gas in vivo introduce uncertainties in designing heat treatments for developing clinically applicable WE43. This work aims to advance this knowledge by applying cutting-edge atom probe tomography to provide atomic-scale insights into the passivation roles of rare earth (RE)-rich β (Mg(Y, Nd)) and β' (MgNdY) nanophases induced by T6 heat treatment at 250 °C, and employing machine learning-based image analysis techniques to quantitatively unveil WE43's in vivo gas evolution during a 12-week implantation.

Spontaneous Lesions of Endangered Geriatric Julia Creek Dunnarts (, Archer 1979) with Emphasis in Reproductive Pathology.

Julia Creek dunnarts are an endangered species of carnivorous marsupials and the focus of multiple conservation strategies involving significant resources such as captive breeding programs. Despite the relevance for conservation, no study to date has focused on evaluating geriatric diseases in dunnarts. This study describes the pathology findings in a group of one wild and thirty-five captive-born, mostly geriatric Julia Creek dunnarts that failed to produce offspring over multiple breeding periods.

Disseminated complex infection presenting as intraventricular brain hemorrhage in a German shepherd dog in Australia.

A German Shepherd Dog diagnosed with based on fungal culture and DNA sequencing, is the first documented case in Australia, and the Southern Hemisphere. This species is part of complex, which is an emerging concern in immunocompromised human and veterinary patients. Intraventricular brain hemorrhage, noted on MRI, has not been reported previously in a dog with fungal encephalitis.

Effect of a Lactobacilli-Based Direct-Fed Microbial Product on Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Morphological Changes.

The calf's gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome undergoes rapid shifts during early post-natal life, which can directly affect calf performance. The objectives of this study were to characterise and compare differences in the establishment and succession of GIT microbiota, GIT morphological changes, and the growth of dairy calves from birth until weaned. Forty-four newborn Holstein-Friesian calves were randomly selected and assigned to Treatment (TRT) and Control (CON) groups.

A Multicentre Epidemiologic Study of Sudden and Unexpected Death in Adult Cats and Dogs in Australia.

Sudden and unexpected death (SUD) is a common reason for animals to undergo post-mortem examination. There is limited literature examining the causes of SUD in cats and dogs, and no research specific to Australia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and pathology of SUD in cats and dogs in a multicentric study across Australia.

Anthropogenic and environmental factors associated with koala deaths due to dog attacks and vehicle collisions in South-East Queensland, Australia, 2009-2013.

Populations of the iconic Australian koala are under constant decline. Their deaths are associated with rapid and extensive urbanization and the fragmentation of habitat areas. Using citizen science data on reported koala mortalities, we quantified the association between anthropogenic and environmental factors and the two leading causes of koala deaths, dog attacks and vehicle collisions.

Equine Crofton Weed ( spp.) Pneumotoxicity: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?

Crofton weed () is a global and highly invasive weed, with ingestion causing severe respiratory disease in horses, leading to irreversible and untreatable pulmonary fibrosis and oedema. While reports of equine pneumotoxicity remain common in Australia and New Zealand, equine pneumotoxicity may be underdiagnosed in other countries where Crofton weed is endemic but poorly differentiated. The pathogenesis of Crofton weed toxicity following ingestion has been well described in a number of different animal models, including rodents, rabbits, and goats.

The Development of Cutaneous Lesions in Tropically Adapted Beef Cattle Is Associated with Hypersensitive Immune Response to Buffalo Fly Antigens.

This study investigated the role of cattle immune responses in the pathogenesis of buffalo fly () (BF) lesions. Brangus steers phenotyped for lesion development were divided into three groups: high lesion susceptibility (HL), low lesion susceptibility (LL) and no lesions (NL), based on lesion severity scores. Each steer was injected intradermally with different concentrations of BF, (Og), and (Md) antigens.

Zinc-based subcuticular absorbable staples: An in vivo and in vitro study.

A zinc-nutrient element alloy (Zn-1.0Cu-0.5Ca) was developed into subcuticular absorbable staples (SAS) as a robust alternative to the commercially available poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) SAS for the first time.

Development and application of a new liver pathology recording system for use in cattle abattoirs.

Liver disease in beef cattle has a significant global economic impact on feedlot and abattoir industries due to reduced animal performance, carcase yield, and carcase quality. This study aimed to create a post-mortem data collection tool which could be deployed at chain speed on an abattoir floor, as well as to evaluate pathological findings in both normal and condemned livers from an Australian beef cattle population. The first 1006 livers were used to formulate a user-friendly, high-throughput liver grading tool for use in an abattoir setting and to evaluate the histological features of common liver abnormalities.

Pathology and pathogenesis of cutaneous lesions in beef cattle associated with buffalo fly infestation.

, commonly known as buffalo fly, is the major hematophagous ectoparasite of north Australian cattle herds. Lesions associated with buffalo fly infestation are generally alopecic, hyperkeratotic, or scab encrusted wounds with variable hemorrhagic ulceration. Buffalo flies can transmit a filarial nematode, sp.

Cerebellar Hypoplasia in Two Juvenile African Grey Parrots ().

Two sibling 12-week-old DNA-sexed female African grey parrots () were presented for progressive whole-body tremors, proprioceptive deficits, and an inability to stand unassisted. A third bird in the clutch (DNA-sexed as a male) exhibited no clinical signs. Physical examination of the affected birds revealed ataxia, inability to stand without assistance, and a reliance on their beaks to assist with their mobility.

Greyhound morbidity and mortality in Australia: A descriptive analysis of reported data from regulatory racing agencies.

Commercial greyhound racing is legal in Australia but controversial due to concerns around animal welfare. To make evidence-based recommendations of animal welfare standards, a comprehensive analysis of available data on race events, animal health, injuries and fatalities is required. We undertook a review of publicly available data and reports published by official greyhound racing bodies for the purpose of determining how morbidity and mortality events associated with dog training and racing could be benchmarked.

Pulmonary Histopathology in Cats and Dogs with Fatal Tick Paralysis.

The objective of this study was to evaluate critically the nature and prevalence of histological pulmonary lesions in dogs and cats that had died or were euthanized because of tick paralysis. A retrospective and prospective case study of 11 cats and 23 dogs was carried out. Retrospective cases were gathered from the Veterinary Laboratory Services database at The University of Queensland (UQ).

Evaluation of a Probability-Based Predictive Tool on Pathologist Agreement Using Urinary Bladder as a Pilot Tissue.

Inter-pathologist variation is widely recognized across human and veterinary pathology and is often compounded by missing animal or clinical information on pathology submission forms. Variation in pathologist threshold levels of resident inflammatory cells in the tissue of interest can further decrease inter-pathologist agreement. This study applied a predictive modeling tool to bladder histology slides that were assessed by four pathologists: first without animal and clinical information, then with this information, and finally using the predictive tool.

Role of Staphylococcus agnetis and Staphylococcus hyicus in the Pathogenesis of Buffalo Fly Skin Lesions in Cattle.

Buffalo flies (Haematobia irritans ) are hematophagous ectoparasites of cattle causing production and welfare impacts in northern Australian herds. Skin lesions associated with buffalo fly infestation and nematode infection are manifested as focal dermatitis or ulcerated areas, most commonly on the medial canthus of the eye, along the lateral and ventral neck, and on the abdomen of cattle. For closely related horn flies (), Staphylococcus aureus has been suggested as a contributing factor in the development of lesions.

Multi-modality imaging of aggressive submural neoplasia of the hoof in two horses.

This case series presents a 20-year-old Quarter horse gelding and a 10-year-old Thoroughbred gelding with a histologic diagnosis of aggressive submural neoplasia, including an anaplastic sarcoma and a squamous cell carcinoma respectively. The current case series describes these neoplasias with radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology with immunohistochemistry. The purpose of this case series is to identify the clinical pattern of chronic reoccurring lameness in these cases and highlight the appearance of expansile osteolytic pathology of the distal phalanx with adjacent hoof wall abnormalities.

Comparison of two formulations of alfaxalone for immersion anaesthesia in laboratory zebrafish (Daniorerio).

Objective: To compare two commercial formulations of alfaxalone for immersion anaesthesia in laboratory zebrafish.

Study Design: Prospective, blinded, randomized study.

Animals: A total of 20 adult Danio rerio (Tuebingen strain).

Gender representation on journal editorial boards in the field of veterinary sciences.

Despite the increased entry of women into the veterinary profession over the past several decades, women remain substantially underrepresented in senior leadership positions. This may include editorial positions at veterinary sciences journals. This study examines the gender distribution of editorships of 143 journals from the Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge Journal Citation Reports category of veterinary science.

Detection and distribution of Stephanofilaria sp. in buffalo flies and buffalo fly lesions in north Australian beef cattle.

Buffalo flies (Haematobia irritans exigua) are ectoparasites of major animal health and production concern in north Australian beef herds. Skin lesions associated with buffalo fly infestation, cause hide damage and welfare issues and are manifested as dermatitis or ulcerated areas found most commonly near the medial canthus of the eye, along the lateral and ventral neck and on the abdomen. Buffalo flies can transmit a nematode, Stephanofilaria sp.

Epidemiology and Survival of Dogs Diagnosed with Splenic Lymphoid Hyperplasia, Complex Hyperplasia, Stromal Sarcoma and Histiocytic Sarcoma.

Canine splenic fibrohistiocytic nodules traditionally encompassed benign lymphoid hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The latter has been recently re-classified into histiocytic sarcoma and stromal sarcoma. Reliable indicators of post-splenectomy survival and demographic factors predisposing to the four types of nodules are not completely understood.

Fatal non-traumatic gas gangrene caused by type A in a Siberian Husky dog.

An 8-y-old, castrated male Siberian Husky dog was admitted to an emergency clinic with acute collapse and severe swelling of both forelimbs, ventral thorax, and axillary region. The clinical assessment, with laboratory tests and radiologic investigation, confirmed severe subcutaneous emphysema and multi-organ failure. The animal died while receiving emergency treatment.

Polycystic Kidney Disease in 3 Juvenile Rainbow Lorikeets ().

This case series describes polycystic kidney disease in 3 (2 male, 1 female) 2-month-old, juvenile rainbow lorikeets (). The lorikeets diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease were the progeny of full sibling parents that were being intentionally line bred for the purpose of establishing a rainbow lorikeet with the blue color mutation. Clinically the juvenile lorikeets were presented with clinical signs of lethargy, dehydration, regurgitation, anorexia, polyuria, and pelvic limb paresis.

In vivo performance of a rare earth free Mg-Zn-Ca alloy manufactured using twin roll casting for potential applications in the cranial and maxillofacial fixation devices.

A magnesium alloy containing essential, non-toxic, biodegradable elements such as Ca and Zn has been fabricated using a novel twin-roll casting process (TRC). Microstructure, mechanical properties, in vivo corrosion and biocompatibility have been assessed and compared to the properties of the rare earth (RE) element containing WE43 alloy. TRC Mg-0.