Clinical impact of an explainable machine learning with amino acid PET imaging: application to the diagnosis of aggressive glioma.

Purpose: Radiomics-based machine learning (ML) models of amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) images have shown efficiency in glioma prediction tasks. However, their clinical impact on physician interpretation remains limited. This study investigated whether an explainable radiomics model modifies nuclear physicians' assessment of glioma aggressiveness at diagnosis.

Improving Newborn Professional Billing at a Community Hospital.

Introduction: In community hospital medicine programs, newborns often represent a large patient population with diverse clinical needs. Capturing the care provided through professional billing provides the foundation for division revenue; however, provider knowledge on how to optimally bill is often lacking. Our group underused Hospital Care current procedural terminology (CPT) evaluation and management (E/M) codes for newborns requiring increased monitoring, diagnostic interventions, or therapy.

How to facilitate the wider use of pharmacogenetic tests?

4P medicine (personalized, preventive, predictive, and participatory) is experiencing a remarkable rise, and pharmacogenetics is an essential part of it. However, several obstacles are hindering its deployment. This round table brought together a group of experts to take stock of the situation, reflecting on ways to facilitate the prescription of these tests and the dissemination of the results on a national scale.

Reduced voltage-activated Ca2+ release flux in muscle fibers from a rat model of Duchenne dystrophy.

The potential pathogenic role of disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) remains a complex, unsettled issue. We used muscle fibers isolated from 3-mo-old DMDmdx rats to further investigate the case. Most DMDmdx fibers exhibited no sign of trophic or morphology distinction as compared with WT fibers and mitochondria and t-tubule membrane networks also showed no stringent discrepancy.

Optimal Floquet state engineering for large scale atom interferometers.

The effective control of atomic coherence with cold atoms has made atom interferometry an essential tool for quantum sensors and precision measurements. The performance of these interferometers is closely related to the operation of large wave packet separations. We present here a novel approach for atomic beam splitters based on the stroboscopic stabilization of quantum states in an accelerated optical lattice.

Integrator complex subunit 12 knockout overcomes a transcriptional block to HIV latency reversal.

The latent HIV reservoir is a major barrier to HIV cure. Combining latency reversal agents (LRAs) with differing mechanisms of action such as AZD5582, a non-canonical NF-kB activator, and I-BET151, a bromodomain inhibitor is appealing towards inducing HIV-1 reactivation. However, even this LRA combination needs improvement as it is inefficient at activating proviruses in cells from people living with HIV (PLWH).

Pulmonary adaptation to repeated poly(I:C) exposure is impaired in asthmatic mice: an observational study.

Background: While asthma exacerbations remain a major challenge in patient management, few animal models exist to explore the underlying mechanisms. Here, we established an animal model of asthma that can be used to study pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies on asthma exacerbation.

Methods: Female BALB/c mice were sensitized and exposed to PBS or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DerP) extract for 11 weeks.

Nanoparticle delivery of Tat synergizes with classical latency reversal agents to express HIV antigen targets.

Limited cellular levels of the HIV transcriptional activator Tat are one contributor to proviral latency that might be targeted in HIV cure strategies. We recently demonstrated that lipid nanoparticles containing HIV mRNA induce HIV expression in primary CD4 T cells. Here, we sought to further characterize mRNA in the context of several benchmark latency reversal agents (LRAs), including inhibitor of apoptosis protein antagonists (IAPi), bromodomain and extra-Terminal motif inhibitors (BETi), and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi).

Phosphorus speciation in sewage sludge and their ashes after incineration as a function of treatment processes.

Phosphorus (P) is a key component in agricultural fertilizers, but it is also a scarce resource, why its recycling has been thoroughly investigated and one promising resources is sewage sludge. Because of stricter regulations in terms of sludge disposal, thermal treatment (e.g.

[F]FDG PET/CT for therapeutic assessment of Abatacept in early-onset polymyalgia rheumatica.

Purpose: Evaluate the benefit of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose ([F] FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the therapeutic assessment of Abatacept (ABA) as first-line therapy in early-onset polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) patients.

Methods: This was an ancillary study of ALORS trial (Abatacept in earLy Onset polymyalgia Rheumatica Study) assessing the ability of ABA versus placebo to achieve low disease activity (C-Reactive Protein PMR activity score (CRP PMR-AS) ≤ to 10) without glucocorticoid (GC) at week 12 in patients with early-onset PMR. The patients underwent [F] FDG PET/CT at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment.

A mechano- and heat-gated two-pore domain K channel controls excitability in adult zebrafish skeletal muscle.

TRAAK channels are mechano-gated two-pore-domain K channels. Up to now, activity of these channels has been reported in neurons but not in skeletal muscle, yet an archetype of tissue challenged by mechanical stress. Using patch clamp methods on isolated skeletal muscle fibers from adult zebrafish, we show here that single channels sharing properties of TRAAK channels, i.

Atom Interferometry with Coherent Enhancement of Bragg Pulse Sequences.

We report here on the realization of light-pulse atom interferometers with large-momentum-transfer atom optics based on a sequence of Bragg transitions. We demonstrate momentum splitting up to 200 photon recoils in an ultracold atom interferometer. We highlight a new mechanism of destructive interference of the losses leading to a sizable efficiency enhancement of the beam splitters.

Adenosine A2A receptor is a tumor suppressor of NASH-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.

Inhibition of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy currently evaluated in several clinical trials. We here report that anti-obesogenic and anti-inflammatory functions of A2AR, however, significantly restrain hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Adora2a deletion in mice triggers obesity, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and systemic inflammation, leading to spontaneous HCC and promoting dimethylbenzyl-anthracene (DMBA)- or diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC.

Social Determinants of Health ICD-10 Code Use in Inpatient Pediatrics.

Background And Objectives: The American Academy of Pediatrics endorses screening for social determinants of health (SDOH) and providing families resources for unmet needs. A systematic response to unmet needs requires identification, documentation, and provision of resources. Our goal was to compare SDOH International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), code use for pediatric inpatients after policy changes in 2018 permitting coding by nonphysicians.

The CD73 immune checkpoint promotes tumor cell metabolic fitness.

CD73 is an ectonucleotidase overexpressed on tumor cells that suppresses anti-tumor immunity. Accordingly, several CD73 inhibitors are currently being evaluated in the clinic, including in large randomized clinical trials. Yet, the tumor cell-intrinsic impact of CD73 remain largely uncharacterized.

Probenecid affects muscle Ca2+ homeostasis and contraction independently from pannexin channel block.

Tight control of skeletal muscle contractile activation is secured by the excitation-contraction (EC) coupling protein complex, a molecular machinery allowing the plasma membrane voltage to control the activity of the ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane. This machinery has been shown to be intimately linked to the plasma membrane protein pannexin-1 (Panx1). We investigated whether the prescription drug probenecid, a widely used Panx1 blocker, affects Ca2+ signaling, EC coupling, and muscle force.

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Dialysis is a restrictive treatment with a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Home hemodialysis (HHD) allows to maintain quality of life while improving the conditions of purification, in particular with the daily or even nocturnal practice of hemodialysis. The arrival of systems with a cycler in the 2010s for home hemodialysis brings a new dynamism for this type of technique.

Hotspot on 18F-FET PET/CT to Predict Aggressive Tumor Areas for Radiotherapy Dose Escalation Guiding in High-Grade Glioma.

The standard therapy strategy for high-grade glioma (HGG) is based on the maximal surgery followed by radio-chemotherapy (RT-CT) with insufficient control of the disease. Recurrences are mainly localized in the radiation field, suggesting an interest in radiotherapy dose escalation to better control the disease locally. We aimed to identify a similarity between the areas of high uptake on O-(2-[18F]-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET) before RT-CT, the residual tumor on post-therapy NADIR magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the area of recurrence on MRI.

Depletion of HIV reservoir by activation of ISR signaling in resting CD4T cells.

HIV reservoirs are extremely stable and pose a tremendous challenge to clear HIV infection. Here, we demonstrate that activation of ISR/ATF4 signaling reverses HIV latency, which also selectively eliminates HIV+ cells in primary CD4T cell model of latency without effect on HIV-negative CD4T cells. The reduction of HIV+ cells is associated with apoptosis enhancement, but surprisingly is largely seen in HIV-infected cells in which gag-pol RNA transcripts are detected in HIV RNA-induced ATF4/IFIT signaling.

Assessing the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Preclinical Tumor Models.

The identification of novel immune-related targets that can reactivate or enhance antitumor immunity is a very active field of cancer research. In this context, syngeneic tumor models are often used during the preclinical development of immunotherapies to assess their efficacy and analyze the immune system and tumor cell interaction. Here, we present the practical procedures to generate subcutaneous tumors and experimental lung metastases used to evaluate the antitumor activity of your immunotherapy of interest.