Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Nephrotoxicity is a prevalent side effect observed in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity involves various factors such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alleviates systemic lupus erythematosus by suppressing autoimmunity in a murine model.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune inflammatory disease that damages multiple organs by the production of autoantibodies. Numerous research studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A diet rich in ω-3 PUFAs reduces chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.

Systematic gene therapy derived from an investigative study of AAV2/8 vector gene therapy for Fabry disease.

Background: Fabry disease (FD) is a progressive multisystemic disease characterized by a lysosomal enzyme deficiency. A lack of α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) activity results in the progressive systemic accumulation of its substrates, including globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3), which results in renal, cardiac, and/or cerebrovascular disease and early death. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the current standard of care for FD; however, it has important limitations, including a low half-life, limited distribution, and requirement of lifelong biweekly infusions of recombinant enzymes.

Eicosapentaenoic acid metabolites promotes the trans-differentiation of pancreatic α cells to β cells.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by life-threatening absolute insulin deficiency. Although ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) displayed significant anti-hyperglycemic activity, the insulinotropic effects of their metabolites remain unknown. In this study, we took advantage of a transgenic model, mfat-1, that overexpresses an ω-3 desaturase and can convert ω-6 PUFAs to ω-3 PUFAs.

Endogenous production of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids mitigates cisplatin-induced myelosuppression by regulating NRF2-MDM2-p53 signaling pathway.

Cisplatin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a wide range of cancers. A common side effect of cisplatin is myelosuppression. Research suggests that oxidative damages are strongly and consistently related to myelosuppression during cisplatin treatment.

[Effect of a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, CPD1, on renal interstitial fibrosis after unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury].

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of CPD1, a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, on renal interstitial fibrosis after unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (UIRI). Male BALB/c mice were subjected to UIRI, and treated with CPD1 once daily (i.g, 5 mg/kg).

Development of Lanzyme as the Potential Enzyme Replacement Therapy Drug for Fabry Disease.

Fabry disease (FD) is a progressive multisystemic disease characterized by lysosomal enzyme deficiency. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is one of the most significant advancements and breakthroughs in treating FD. However, limited resources and the high cost of ERT might prevent patients from receiving prompt and effective therapy, thereby resulting in severe complications.

Protective effects of isofraxidin against scopolamine-induced cognitive and memory impairments in mice involve modulation of the BDNF-CREB-ERK signaling pathway.

Background: Isofraxidin is a coumarin compound mainly isolated from several traditional and functional edible plants beneficial for neurodegenerative diseases, including Sarcandra glabra and Apium graveolens, and Siberian Ginseng.

Objective: This study aimed to assess effects of isofraxidin against memory impairments and cognition deficits in a scopolamine-induced mouse model.

Materials & Methods: Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups, control, vehicle, donepezil (10 mg/kg, p.

Adiponectin suppresses tumor growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through activating AMPK signaling pathway.

Background: Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted cytokine that enhances insulin sensitivity and attenuates inflammation. Although circulating adiponectin level is often inversely associated with several malignancies, its role in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the clinical association between circulating adiponectin level and NPC, and examined the impact of adiponectin, as well as the underlying mechanisms, on NPC growth both in vitro and in vivo.

CD147 deficiency is associated with impairedsperm motility/acrosome reaction and offersa therapeutic target for asthenozoospermia.

Patients with asthenozoospermia often present multiple defects in sperm functions apart from a decrease in sperm motility. However, the etiological factors underlying these multifaceted defects remain mostly unexplored, which may lead to unnecessary treatment and unsatisfactory assisted reproductive technologies (ART) outcome. Here, we show that the protein levels of CD147 were lowered in sperm obtained from asthenozoospermic infertile patients exhibiting defects in both sperm motility and the acrosome reaction.

Complement factor B in high glucose-induced podocyte injury and diabetic kidney disease.

The role and mechanisms for upregulating complement factor B (CFB) expression in podocyte dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are not fully understood. Here, analyzing Gene Expression Omnibus GSE30528 data, we identified genes enriched in mTORC1 signaling, CFB, and complement alternative pathways in podocytes from patients with DKD. In mouse models, podocyte mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling activation was induced, while blockade of mTORC1 signaling reduced CFB upregulation, alternative complement pathway activation, and podocyte injury in the glomeruli.

One-step construction of a food-grade expression system based on the URA3 gene in Kluyveromyces lactis.

Proteins from food-grade expression systems can be used in food products and medical applications. Herein, we describe a one-step method of constructing an expression vector in Kluyveromyces lactis by combining a URA3-deficient strain and a plasmid vector with no drug-resistant selection. Adjacent DNA elements of the vector were assembled in a targeted manner through a reaction with a special recombinase to form a plasmid vector using a one-step reaction.

Endogenous production of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids protects mice from carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by regulating mTOR and Bcl-2/Bax signalling pathways.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What is the protective benefit of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on liver fibrosis and what are the relevant signalling pathways in a transgenic mouse model overexpressing the mfat-1 enzyme? What is the main finding and its importance? n-3 PUFA elevation strongly prevented carbon tetrachloride (CCl )-induced hepatic damage and inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells. n-3 PUFAs suppressed CCl -induced activation of mTOR, elevated Bcl-2 expression, and reduced Bax level, suggesting that n-3 PUFAs can render strong protective effects against liver fibrosis and point to the potential of mfat-1 gene therapy as a treatment modality.

Abstract: Liver fibrosis is a reversible wound healing response with excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins.

Oxidized-LDL inhibits testosterone biosynthesis by affecting mitochondrial function and the p38 MAPK/COX-2 signaling pathway in Leydig cells.

Abnormal lipid/lipoprotein metabolism induced by obesity may affect spermatogenesis by inhibiting testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells. It is crucial to determine which components of lipoproteins inhibit testosterone synthesis. Circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), the oxidized form of LDL, has been reported to be an independent risk factor for decreased serum testosterone levels.

Rheb1 protects against cisplatin-induced tubular cell death and acute kidney injury via maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.

Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb1), a small GTPase, plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and survival. However, the role and mechanisms for Rheb1 in tubular cell survival and acute kidney injury (AKI) remain unexplored. Here we found that Rheb1 signaling was activated in kidney tubule of AKI patients and cisplatin-treated mice.

The complete chloroplast genome of (Moraceae: Morus), the herbal medicine species in China.

is commonly called white mulberry, which is native to China and is the tender branch of mulberry as a herbal medicine in China. In this study, we presented and annotated the complete chloroplast genome of . The whole chloroplast genome is 159,050 bp in size, exhibiting a large single copy region (87,762 bp), a small single-copy region (19,876 bp) and a pair of inverted-repeat regions (25,706 bp).

Expression of cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS) in the human testis and testicular germ cell tumors.

Testicular germ cell tumors are the most frequent malignancies found in men between 15 and 44 years old. Although cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS) was demonstrated to be upregulated in breast cancer and colon cancer, the expression of CAS in the human testis and testicular germ cell tumors remained elusive. In the present study, CAS-positive signals were detected in the normal testicular tissues, cancer adjacent normal testicular tissues, seminoma, yolk sac tumor, and teratoma.

Fibroblast mTOR/PPARγ/HGF axis protects against tubular cell death and acute kidney injury.

Kidney fibroblasts play a crucial role in dictating tubular cell fate and the outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI). The underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. Here, we found that mTOR signaling was activated in fibroblasts from mouse kidneys with ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI).

ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate type 1 diabetes and autoimmunity.

Despite the benefit of insulin, blockade of autoimmune attack and regeneration of pancreatic islets are ultimate goals for the complete cure of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Long-term consumption of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is known to suppress inflammatory processes, making these fatty acids candidates for the prevention and amelioration of autoimmune diseases. Here, we explored the preventative and therapeutic effects of ω-3 PUFAs on T1D.

Duodenal GLP-1 signaling regulates hepatic glucose production through a PKC-δ-dependent neurocircuitry.

Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and acts as a neuropeptide to control glucose homeostasis, but little is known whether intestinal GLP-1 has any effect in the control of hepatic glucose production (HGP). Here we found that intraduodenal infusion of GLP-1 activated duodenal PKC-δ, lowered HGP and was accompanied by a decrease in hepatic expression of gluconeogenic enzymes and an increase in hepatic insulin signaling in rats. However, gut co-infusion of either the GLP-1 receptor antagonist Ex-9, or the PKC-δ inhibitor rottlerin with GLP-1, negated the ability of gut GLP-1 to lower HGP and to increase hepatic insulin signaling during clamps.

TiO nanotube platforms for smart drug delivery: a review.

Titania nanotube (TNT) arrays are recognized as promising materials for localized drug delivery implants because of their excellent properties and facile preparation process. This review highlights the concept of localized drug delivery systems based on TNTs, considering their outstanding biocompatibility in a series of ex vivo and in vivo studies. Considering the safety of TNT implants in the host body, studies of the biocompatibility present significant importance for the clinical application of TNT implants.

Micropatterning Extracellular Matrix Proteins on Electrospun Fibrous Substrate Promote Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Toward Neurogenic Lineage.

In this study, hybrid micropatterned grafts constructed via a combination of microcontact printing and electrospinning techniques process were utilized to investigate the influencing of patterning directions on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiation to desired phenotypes. We found that the stem cells could align and elongate along the direction of the micropattern, where they randomly distributed on nonmicropatterned surfaces. Concomitant with patterning effect of component on stem cell alignment, a commensurate increase on the expression of neural lineage commitment markers, such as microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2), Nestin, NeuroD1, and Class III β-Tubulin, were revealed from mRNA expression by quantitative Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR) and MAP2 expression by immunostaining.

Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II/cAMP response element-binding protein/Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade regulates angiotensin II-induced podocyte injury and albuminuria.

Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a pivotal role in promoting podocyte dysfunction and albuminuria, however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully delineated. In this study, we found that Ang II induced Wnt1 expression and β-catenin nuclear translocation in cultured mouse podocytes. Blocking Wnt signaling with Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) or β-catenin siRNA attenuated Ang II-induced podocyte injury.