Access to the Lumbosacral Spine: A Current View.

The surgical approach to the lumbosacral spine has been the subject of experimental and scientific anatomical studies since the Hippocratic era. However, it was in the 20th century that, with the evolution of asepsis and antibiotic therapy, spine surgery began to evolve at breakneck speed, and the various possibilities of access roads became objects of development and discussion. As a result, pathologies of the lumbosacral spine can be accessed in different ways and positions, from the traditional posterior approach in the prone position to the anterior, oblique, lateral, and endoscopic approaches.

Assessment of the Accuracy of the AO Spine-TL Classification for Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures Using the AO Surgery Reference Mobile App.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the AO Surgery Reference mobile app in the diagnosis of thoracolumbar fractures of the spine according to the AO TL classification, and to discuss the usefulness of this app in the teaching and training of the resident physicians in orthopedics and traumatology area.

Methods: The 24 residents of Orthopedic and Traumatology program assessed 20 cases of thoracolumbar fractures selected from the hospital database on 2 different occasions, with a 30-day interval, and they classified these cases with and without using the AO Surgery Reference app.

SURGICAL CORRECTION OF SEVERE AND FIXED CHIN-ON-CHEST DEFORMITY.

Objective: To describe a successful surgical treatment for the challenging severe and fixed chin-on-chest deformity due to isolated neck extensor myopathy (INEM).

Background Data: INEM is an idiopathic cause of dropped head syndrome (DHS) that results in severe cervicothoracic kyphosis, defined as chin-on-chest deformity. The existing literature on surgical management is limited, with outcomes ranging from poor to excellent.

COMPLICATED LUMBAR TUBERCULOUS SPONDYLODISCITIS IN DISSEMINATED TUBERCULOSIS, TREATED USING A NON-CONVENTIONAL ANTERIOR SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR HYDROSTATIC DISTRACTION: A CASE REPORT.

Objective: To describe a case of disseminated tuberculosis affecting the lumbar spine that was treated using a non-conventional anterior support system.

Background: Tuberculous spondylodiscitis is the most common and most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Although antibiotic therapy is the most frequently used treatment, surgery is necessary in cases of neurological deficit, spinal instability, significant deformity, severe sepsis, paravertebral and epidural abscesses or in cases wherein clinical treatment has failed.

ROLE OF DIFFERENT HORMONES IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND SEVERITY OF ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS.

Objective: To evaluate the hormonal profile of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and its relationship to the severity of the curvature and quality of life

Method: Patients with scoliosis (Cobb angle above 10°), of both genders, diagnosed after 10 years of age were included, excluding those who presented other condition that could lead to scoliosis. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), cortisol and gastrin were correlated with Cobb angle and quality of life, measured by the SRS-30 questionnaire

Results: The levels of 25-OHD decreased in 97% of patients. There was an inverse relationship between gastrin levels and quality of life (p = 0.