Multiscale response of the human skull to quasi-static compression.

Full thickness skull specimens were extracted from the human crania, with both the inner and outer surfaces intact. The BVF-morphology (bone volume fraction) of these specimens had been previously characterized in detail and reported, with high-resolution micro-computed tomography at ~5 μm resolution. A subset of these specimens was loaded in the direction normal to the outer surface in quasi-static compression.

Influence of the mesostructure on the compressive mechanical response of adolescent porcine cranial bone.

The Göttingen minipig has been used as a surrogate in impact experiments designed to better understand the mechanisms by which mechanical loading induces traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the relationship between mechanical response and structural morphology of the minipig cranium must be understood relative to the human skull in order to accurately scale any quantitative results, such as injury thresholds, from non-human TBI experiments to the human anatomy. In this study, bone specimens were dissected from the crania of adolescent Göttingen minipigs.

Structural analysis of the frontal and parietal bones of the human skull.

Bone specimens were collected from the frontal and parietal bones of 4 adult, human skulls. The microstructure was characterized using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) at about 6-μm resolution to map the change of porosity as a function of the depth, P(d), from the inner surface nearest to the brain to the outer surface nearest to the skin. A quantifiable method was developed using the measured P(d) to objectively distinguish between the three layers of the skull: the outer table, diploë , and inner table.

The Multi-Axial Failure Response of Porcine Trabecular Skull Bone Estimated Using Microstructural Simulations.

The development of a multi-axial failure criterion for trabecular skull bone has many clinical and biological implications. This failure criterion would allow for modeling of bone under daily loading scenarios that typically are multi-axial in nature. Some yield criteria have been developed to evaluate the failure of trabecular bone, but there is a little consensus among them.

The importance of temporal and spatial vegetation structure information in biotope mapping schemes: a case study in Helsingborg, Sweden.

Temporal and spatial vegetation structure has impact on biodiversity qualities. Yet, current schemes of biotope mapping do only to a limited extend incorporate these factors in the mapping. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the application of a modified biotope mapping scheme that includes temporal and spatial vegetation structure.