Integrative genomics analysis identifies candidate drivers at 3q26-29 amplicon in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Purpose: Chromosome 3q26-29 is a critical region of genomic amplification in lung squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Identification of candidate drivers in this region could help uncover new mechanisms in the pathogenesis and potentially new targets in SCC of the lung.

Experimental Design: We conducted a meta-analysis of seven independent datasets containing a total of 593 human primary SCC samples to identify consensus candidate drivers in 3q26-29 amplicon.

Epigenetic deregulation of TCF21 inhibits metastasis suppressor KISS1 in metastatic melanoma.

Metastatic melanoma is a fatal disease due to the lack of successful therapies and biomarkers for early detection and its incidence has been increasing. Genetic studies have defined recurrent chromosomal aberrations, suggesting the location of either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Transcription factor 21 (TCF21) belongs to the class A of the basic helix-loop-helix family with reported functions in early lung and kidney development as well as tumor suppressor function in the malignancies of the lung and head and neck.

Regulator of calcineurin 1 modulates cancer cell migration in vitro.

Metastasis suppressors and other regulators of cell motility play an important role in tumor invasion and metastases. We previously identified that activation of the G protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) by the metastasis suppressor metastin inhibits cell migration in association with overexpression of Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), an endogenous regulator of calcineurin. Calcineurin inhibitors also blocked cell migration in vitro and RCAN1 protein levels were reduced in nodal metastases in thyroid cancer.

Thiazolidinediones downregulate Wnt/beta-catenin signaling via multiple mechanisms in breast cancer cells.

Background: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have been demonstrated to possess antitumor effects in breast cancer cells, although the mechanisms are not well established. We sought to better define TZDs' antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms to permit rational utilization of these agents.

Materials And Methods: We studied the effects of TZDs on DNA synthesis (BrdU enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), gene expression (microarray, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblot), serine phosphorylation and localization of beta-catenin (nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation and immunoblot), transactivation activity of beta-catenin/T cell factor 4 (TCF4) (luciferase assay with wild-type and mutant TCF4 responsive element), and beta-catenin/TCF4 complex (immunoprecipitation) in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and T47D.

2-amino-N-{4-[5-(2-phenanthrenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-phenyl} acetamide (OSU-03012), a celecoxib derivative, directly targets p21-activated kinase.

p21-Activated kinases (PAKs) are regulators of cell motility and proliferation. PAK activity is regulated in part by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1). We hypothesized that reduced PAK activity was involved in the effects of 2-amino-N-{4-[5-(2-phenanthrenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-phenyl} acetamide (OSU-03012), a previously characterized PDK1 inhibitor derived from celecoxib.

Gene expression and functional evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in papillary thyroid carcinoma invasion.

Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) that invade into local structures are associated with a poor prognosis, but the mechanisms for PTC invasion are incompletely defined, limiting the development of new therapies. To characterize biological processes involved in PTC invasion, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of microscopically dissected intratumoral samples from central and invasive regions of seven widely invasive PTCs and normal thyroid tissue by oligonucleotide microarray and performed confirmatory expression and functional studies. In comparison with the central regions of primary PTCs, the invasive fronts overexpressed TGF beta, NFkappaB and integrin pathway members, and regulators of small G proteins and CDC42.

KiSS-1/G protein-coupled receptor 54 metastasis suppressor pathway increases myocyte-enriched calcineurin interacting protein 1 expression and chronically inhibits calcineurin activity.

Objective: Tumor metastasis is a critical determinant of death from cancer. Metastin, a product of the KiSS-1 gene, is an endogenously expressed metastasis suppressor that is the ligand for G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), a Gq/11-coupled receptor. In the present study, our goal was to define the basis of GPR54 action using thyroid cancer cells as a model.