Liposomal immunostimulatory DNA sequence (ISS-ODN): an efficient parenteral and mucosal adjuvant for influenza and hepatitis B vaccines.

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing immunostimulatory sequences (ISS-ODN, also known as CpG-ODNs) have been shown to display in experimental models potent Th1-biassed immunoadjuvant activity upon parenteral or mucosal co-administration with a variety of antigens. In an attempt to potentiate adjuvant activity, and to reduce dose and number of administrations, ISS-ODN was entrapped (up to 90% efficiency) in large (1.5 microm) multilamellar liposomes using a simple and fast (5 min) procedure.