Exploring Moderation Dynamics: Callous-Unemotional Traits, Parental Practices and Conduct Problems in Juvenile Delinquency.

Introduction: Callous-unemotional (CU) traits, parental practices and conduct problems (CP) have been consistently identified across numerous studies as significant predictors of the severity and persistence of juvenile delinquency.

Aims: This study seeks to investigate the moderation dynamics underlying the relationships between these variables among Arab incarcerated youth. Specifically, the study aims to (1) explore whether parental practices moderate the relationship between CU traits and CP among incarcerated youth in Jordan and (2) examine the bidirectional moderating influence of CU traits in shaping the dynamic relationship between parental practices and CP within the context of Arab juvenile delinquency.

Kawasaki disease (KD) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in a Middle Eastern patient cohort.

Objective: This is a comprehensive characteristic study of Kawasaki disease (KD) and Multi system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in the Middle East that creates a formula to differentiate between the two.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive comparative study of KD and MIS-C in the United Arab Emirates. Retrospective MIS-C and KD cohorts were recruited between January 2017 until August 2021.

Effects of COVID-19 on Synaptic and Neuronal Degeneration.

Neurons are the basic building blocks of the human body's neurological system. Atrophy is defined by the disintegration of the connections between cells that enable them to communicate. Peripheral neuropathy and demyelinating disorders, as well as cerebrovascular illnesses and central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases, have all been linked to brain damage, including Parkinson's disease (PD).

TMEM63C mutations cause mitochondrial morphology defects and underlie hereditary spastic paraplegia.

The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are among the most genetically diverse of all Mendelian disorders. They comprise a large group of neurodegenerative diseases that may be divided into 'pure HSP' in forms of the disease primarily entailing progressive lower-limb weakness and spasticity, and 'complex HSP' when these features are accompanied by other neurological (or non-neurological) clinical signs. Here, we identified biallelic variants in the transmembrane protein 63C (TMEM63C) gene, encoding a predicted osmosensitive calcium-permeable cation channel, in individuals with hereditary spastic paraplegias associated with mild intellectual disability in some, but not all cases.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgeons' and Surgical Residents' Caseload, Surgical Skills, and Mental Health in Kuwait.

Introduction: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in governments implementing new regulations to divert healthcare resources, which in return led to the postponement of elective and semi-elective surgical procedures. Therefore, many surgeons and as well as surgeons in training reported feeling redundant, which eventually resulted in psychological distress. This study aimed to assess the sociodemographic differences in the psychological impact resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and outline the effect it had on surgical training.

PM and PM during COVID-19 lockdown in Kuwait: Mixed effect of dust and meteorological covariates.

This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on particulate matter concentrations, specifically PM and PM, in Kuwait. We studied the variations in PM and PM between the lockdown in 2020 with the corresponding periods of the years 2017-2019, and also investigated the differences in PM variations between the 'curfew' and 'non curfew' hours. We applied mixed-effect regression to investigate the factors that dictate PM variability (i.

Prevalence, predictors and outcomes of bleeding events in patients with COVID-19 infection on anticoagulation: Retrospective cohort study.

Background: This study aims to examine risk factors and complications associated with bleeding events in patients with COVID-19 who are on anticoagulation.

Material And Methods: We conducted retrospective review of all patients who were admitted with COVID-19 and developed bleeding events between March and June 2020. Data were analyzed in accordance with three major outcomes.

Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students in Jordanian universities: A multi-center cross-sectional study.

Background: There are serious concerns regarding the effectiveness of medical education in its current format during serious crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To explore academic, financial, psychological, & hygienic impact on medical students.

Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study of students at different medical schools in Jordan.

The predictors of depression and burnout among surgical residents: A cross-sectional study from Kuwait.

Background: Surgical residency often poses a challenge to residents, with long working hours and a stressful work environment. Surgical residents are at an increased risk of burnout and depression. Such mental health burdens could go so far as to affect treatment outcomes.

Ambient exposure of O and NO and associated health risk in Kuwait.

Ozone (O) and nitrogen dioxide (NO), indissoluble air pollutants in the atmosphere, have been confirmed in various parts of the world to have detrimental health effects on humans. Currently, such information is lacking in Kuwait. The objectives of this study are to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of O and NO concentrations in Kuwait during a 4-year period (2014-2017) and to quantify the associated short- and long-term health effects, including all-cause, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortalities and morbidities during the same study period.

Sildenafil reverses the hypertrophy of mice right ventricle caused by hypoxia but does not reverse the changes in the myosin heavy chain isoforms.

In this study, we investigated the effect of hypoxia and concomitant sildenafil treatment on MHC isoforms in hypoxia-induced hypertrophied right ventricles. Right ventricular hypertrophy was induced in mice by exposing them to hypoxic stimulus (11% ambient oxygen) in a normobaric chamber for 20 days. 45 mice were used in this study, distributed randomly into three groups: the first group served as a control (CO), the second group was exposed to hypoxia for 20 days without sildenafil treatment (HY), and the third group was given sildenafil orally at a dose of 30 mg.

Ketoacidosis associated with ketogenic diet in a non-diabetic lactating woman.

A 37-year-old woman who had 8 weeks post partum, breast feeding and on a low carbohydrate and high protein (ketogenic) diet, was admitted to the hospital with acute onset of nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain of 1-day duration. On admission, she was found to have high anion gap metabolic acidosis, elevated beta-hydroxybutyric acid level, normal glucose level and evidence of ketoacidosis. She was treated with lactated Ringer solution, along with dextrose 5% solution with the resolution of symptoms and metabolic derangement.

True bony TMJ ankylosis in children: Case report.

Introduction: The clinical importance of ankylosis in children is concerning with its massive effect and disturbance on the mandibular future growth causing gross deformity apart from the limited mouth opening. Trauma is the most common cause of bony and fibrous ankylosis. History, physical examination and radiographical examination of each patient with ankylosis of TMJ is mandatory in arriving to a final diagnosis, severity, involvement of adjacent structures and ultimately to plan the treatment.

Depression in Arab Adolescents: A Qualitative Study.

Depression rates among Arab adolescents are expected to rapidly increase necessitating research-based data to aid in planning effective strategies to implement primary prevention and treatment interventions. The current study aimed to capture Jordanian adolescents' experience of depression, identify perceived contributing factors, and assess their attitudes toward depression interventions. An exploratory, qualitative design was used to collect data from 92 participants (age range = 14 to 17) through 12 focus groups.

Comparison of the performance of the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale in Arab adolescents.

Background And Purpose: Few instruments have been established as valid and reliable to screen for depression among Arab adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the performance of two of the most widely used depression screening instruments, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D), with Arab adolescents.

Methods: A nationwide school survey was conducted in Jordan.

Degenerative tears of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus: correlation between MRI findings and outcome following intra-articular steroid/bupivacaine injection of the knee.

Aim: To evaluate the response of symptomatic degenerative tears of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus to guided intra-articular knee steroid/bupivacaine injection and to correlate clinical outcomes with preprocedural findings at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: Sixty patients who had clinical and MRI evidence of a symptomatic degenerative tear of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus, isolated or accompanied by additional features of degenerative arthritis, who had failed conservative approaches (physiotherapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, and 3 months rest/knee bracing) were included in the study. Patients underwent intra-articular knee steroid/bupivacaine injection and were followed clinically for a minimum of 6 months.

Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in Terms of Years of Life Lost (YLL) Due to Premature Adult Mortalities and Postneonatal Infant Mortalities Attributed to PM and PM Exposures in Kuwait.

Ambient air pollution in terms of fine and coarse particulate matter (PM and PM) has been shown to increase adult and infant mortalities. Most studies have estimated the risk of mortalities through attributable proportions and number of excess cases with no reference to the time lost due to premature mortalities. Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) are necessary to measure the health impact of Ambient particulate matter (PM) over time.

Musculoskeletal Radiology in the Middle East: Training Programs, Current Practice, and Future Directions.

This article outlines the development of radiology training in the Middle East. It discusses the history of radiology in the region and current available pathways to subspecialize in musculoskeletal (MSK) radiology. Owing to the rapidly changing demographics and health indicators in the region, a major shift has occurred in the government's focus in directing more resources to advance the health care system.

Risk of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children with sickle cell disease on hydroxyurea: MRI evaluation.

Background: There are conflicting reports on the role of hydroxyurea (HU) in the pathogenesis of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVNFH) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).

Procedure: The present study is a prospective cohort study of Kuwaiti children with SCD who were treated with HU. They had magnetic resonance imaging of the hips before starting HU and at regular intervals during a follow-up period, ranging from 1 to 15 years.

Differing MRI appearances of symptomatic proximal hamstring tendinopathy with ageing: a comparison of appearances in patients below and above 45 years.

Aim: To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of symptomatic proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT) in younger (<45 years) and older (>45 years) patients.

Materials And Methods: MRI of patients with symptomatic PHT were reviewed and compared to asymptomatic age- and sex-matched controls. Appearances recorded were as: type 0, normal tendon; type I, intra-substance signal abnormality; type II, ischial bone and soft-tissue oedema with/without type I findings; type III, curvilinear fluid signal tearing with/without type II findings; type IV, bony avulsion.

Acetabular paralabral cyst causing compression of the sciatic nerve.

Acetabular paralabral cysts are common. They vary in their clinical presentation and may be asymptomatic or cause pain and restriction at the hip joint. In rare instances they may cause symptoms by compressing local neurovascular structures.

Injectable Viscoelastic Supplements: A Review for Radiologists.

Objective: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is increasingly used by musculoskeletal radiologists in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Although the evidence base for its efficacy is controversial, it remains in common use. With initial evidence suggesting its efficacy in the knee, it is now offered for treating OA of the hip, ankle, and elsewhere.

Sports-Related Groin Pain Secondary to Symphysis Pubis Disorders: Correlation Between MRI Findings and Outcome After Fluoroscopy-Guided Injection of Steroid and Local Anesthetic.

Objective: The objective of our study was to correlate patterns of injury on preprocedural MRI with outcome after targeted fluoroscopy-guided steroid and local anesthetic injection of the symphysis pubis and its muscular attachments in a group of athletes with chronic groin pain.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five patients with chronic sports-related groin pain underwent MRI of the pelvis and a targeted fluoroscopy-guided symphyseal corticosteroid and local anesthetic injection. Preprocedural MRI was reviewed.

PRUNE is crucial for normal brain development and mutated in microcephaly with neurodevelopmental impairment.

PRUNE is a member of the DHH (Asp-His-His) phosphoesterase protein superfamily of molecules important for cell motility, and implicated in cancer progression. Here we investigated multiple families from Oman, India, Iran and Italy with individuals affected by a new autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorder in which the cardinal features include primary microcephaly and profound global developmental delay. Our genetic studies identified biallelic mutations of PRUNE1 as responsible.