Pattern and Frequency of Congenital Heart Defects Among Infants of Diabetic Mothers.

Background Maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for congenital heart diseases (CHDs), which are of significant concern to infants born to diabetic mothers. Compared to newborns born to non-diabetic mothers, infants born to diabetic mothers had a higher overall risk of developing congenital malformations. This association has a complex pathophysiology that includes genetic predispositions, metabolic abnormalities, and environmental factors during key stages of fetal development.

Comparative Evolutionary Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variants in Kuwait.

Continuous surveillance is critical for early intervention against emerging novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, we investigated and compared the variant-specific evolutionary epidemiology of all the Delta and Omicron sequences collected between 2021 and 2023 in Kuwait. We used Bayesian phylodynamic models to reconstruct, trace, and compare the two variants' demographics, phylogeographic, and host characteristics in shaping their evolutionary epidemiology.

Psychiatrists' Insights on Integrating Occupational Therapy in Mental Health Care: A Multisite Middle Eastern Study.

: The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge, perception, attitude, and self-efficacy of psychiatrists regarding the role of occupational therapy in mental health practice. : This study utilized a cross-sectional design to examine the perspectives of psychiatrists from various Middle Eastern countries on occupational therapy practice. A self-developed tool was mainly used to assess occupational therapy knowledge, autonomy, attitude, and self-efficacy.

Outcomes of Anorexia Nervosa in a Male Patient Treated With Paroxetine: A Case Report.

Eating disorders (EDs) are among the most dangerous mental illnesses, that are characterized by high mortality rates, multisystem comorbidity, and an often chronic and relapsing disease course. EDs occur most commonly in the female gender, with a ratio of 10 females to 1 male for anorexia nervosa (AN). We present the case of a 15-year-old Saudi boy who presented with weight loss (BMI 11.

Psychological Disorders and Coping among Undergraduate College Students: Advocating for Students' Counselling Services at Kuwait University.

The objectives of the current study are twofold. First, it aimed to explore the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms (i.e.

Anxiety disorders among children and adolescents during COVID-19 lockdowns and school closures: a cross-sectional study in Kuwait.

Introduction: Investigating the epidemiology of mental health disorders resulting from COVID-19 intervention measures, primary school closures, and social isolation in children and adolescents needs to be prioritized over adults at the post-pandemic stage. Most preliminary psychosocial studies conducted during the pandemic have demonstrated that younger age groups are the most vulnerable to such implications. Thus, this study aims to estimate the probable prevalence of specific anxiety disorders in children and quantify their relationships with relevant demographic risk factors.

Interpretable machine learning models for predicting in-hospital and 30 days adverse events in acute coronary syndrome patients in Kuwait.

The relationships between acute coronary syndromes (ACS) adverse events and the associated risk factors are typically complicated and nonlinear, which poses significant challenges to clinicians' attempts at risk stratification. Here, we aim to explore the implementation of modern risk stratification tools to untangle how these complex factors shape the risk of adverse events in patients with ACS. We used an interpretable multi-algorithm machine learning (ML) approach and clinical features to fit predictive models to 1,976 patients with ACS in Kuwait.

Temporal Relationship of Acute Rheumatic Fever Following COVID-19 Infection: A Pediatric Case Report.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has the potential to trigger the onset of autoimmune disorders, one of which is acute rheumatic fever (ARF). ARF is an immune system response that can manifest after an individual has been infected with In this study, we document a unique case involving a previously healthy child who exhibited symptoms of fever, polyarthritis, and ankle swelling after history of COVID-19 infection one month ago. This rare pediatric case report discussed the occurrence of ARF after a one-month period of COVID-19 infection, and we observed significant improvement in our patient after a three-month treatment regimen.

Hand Grip Strength as an Index of Health Does Not Associate With Insomnia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Insomnia is one of the most prevalent diseases globally, with many adults around the world suffering from at least one of its symptoms. It has a significant effect on the body's normal physiology and may lead to the development of chronic diseases that impair the main functional domains of health and cognition if left untreated. Handgrip strength (HGS) has previously been linked to several diseases that occur in tandem with insomnia.

Predictors of intensive care unit admission and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cross sectional study at a tertiary care hospital.

Background: The transmissibility and associated morbidity and mortality of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2), have overwhelmed worldwide healthcare systems, resulting in an urgent need to understand this virus and its associated effects. The aim of our study was to identify patient symptoms, clinical characteristics, laboratory, and radiology findings that are associated with serious morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Jaber Al Ahmad Hospital, the designated COVID-19 center in Kuwait between August 1st, 2020 and January 31st, 2021.

The Influence of Diet, Water Intake, Exercise, Education Level, and Income on the Quality of Sleep in the Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Sleep quality is known to affect and be affected by multiple factors in one's life through physiological and psychological manners. The study aimed to assess the influence of diet, water intake, exercise, level of education, and income on the quality of sleep of the Saudi population.

Materials And Methods: The study was a cross-sectional design that used a validated standardized fact-based questionnaire developed based on the Insomnia Severity Index.

Vitamin D Serum Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and objective Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. It is linked with an increase in morbidity (e.g.

Anemia or other comorbidities? using machine learning to reveal deeper insights into the drivers of acute coronary syndromes in hospital admitted patients.

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are a leading cause of deaths worldwide, yet the diagnosis and treatment of this group of diseases represent a significant challenge for clinicians. The epidemiology of ACS is extremely complex and the relationship between ACS and patient risk factors is typically non-linear and highly variable across patient lifespan. Here, we aim to uncover deeper insights into the factors that shape ACS outcomes in hospitals across four Arabian Gulf countries.

Efficacy and Safety of Thromboprophylaxis Post-Orthopedic Surgery.

Given the high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) post-orthopedic surgery and the vital role of thromboprophylaxis in preventing VTEs, this meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of thromboprophylaxis post major orthopedic surgery and the relevant safety measures. In this review, we conducted a computer-aided search of Google Scholar, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Medline, and EMBASE databases. We included all published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that utilized enoxaparin, fondaparinux, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and aspirin for VTE prophylaxis in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA), hip fracture surgery, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) based on primary and secondary outcomes.

Migraine and tension-type headache among undergraduate medical, dental and pharmaceutical students of University of Aleppo: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Headache disorders are among the most common 10 causes of disability worldwide according to the global burden of disease survey 2010. Headache is also wildly common among universities students when compared with other populations. The purpose of this study is to assess headache prevalence among Aleppo University medical, dental and pharmaceutical undergraduate students.

Integrating animal movements with phylogeography to model the spread of PRRSV in the USA.

Viral sequence data coupled with phylodynamic models have become instrumental in investigating the outbreaks of human and animal diseases, and the incorporation of the hypothesized drivers of pathogen spread can enhance the interpretation from phylodynamic inference. Integrating animal movement data with phylodynamics allows us to quantify the extent to which the spatial diffusion of a pathogen is influenced by animal movements and contrast the relative importance of different types of movements in shaping pathogen distribution. We combine animal movement, spatial, and environmental data in a Bayesian phylodynamic framework to explain the spatial diffusion and evolutionary trends of a rapidly spreading sub-lineage (denoted L1A) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) Type 2 from 2014 to 2017.

Prevalence, predictors and outcomes of bleeding events in patients with COVID-19 infection on anticoagulation: Retrospective cohort study.

Background: This study aims to examine risk factors and complications associated with bleeding events in patients with COVID-19 who are on anticoagulation.

Material And Methods: We conducted retrospective review of all patients who were admitted with COVID-19 and developed bleeding events between March and June 2020. Data were analyzed in accordance with three major outcomes.

Environment, vector, or host? Using machine learning to untangle the mechanisms driving arbovirus outbreaks.

Climatic, landscape, and host features are critical components in shaping outbreaks of vector-borne diseases. However, the relationship between the outbreaks of vector-borne pathogens and their environmental drivers is typically complicated, nonlinear, and may vary by taxonomic units below the species level (e.g.