Phenylalanine treatment induces tomato resistance to Tuta absoluta via increased accumulation of benzenoid/phenylpropanoid volatiles serving as defense signals.

Tuta absoluta ("leafminer"), is a major pest of tomato crops worldwide. Controlling this insect is difficult due to its efficient infestation, rapid proliferation, and resilience to changing weather conditions. Furthermore, chemical pesticides have only a short-term effect due to rapid development of T.

High-Throughput Bioassay for Detection of Latent Fungi in Postharvest Produce.

Enormous fresh agricultural produce is wasted annually due to rots caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Most pathogenic fungi attack the harvested produce by penetrating the fruit at the field and remaining quiescent or latent until the fruit ripens or senescence. In this work, a recently developed simple, cost-effective, and high-throughput 96-well plate-based assay was applied to determine the presence of pathogenic fungi in their latent stage.

Paper-based colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the identification of latent Colletotrichum in harvested fruit.

Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have gained enormous attention because of their low-cost, simple fabrication, and portability. Here, we propose a paper-based device for performing reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) with real-time simultaneous detection of C. gloeosporioides latent infections in tomatoes.

Insights into the Biocontrol Function of a Burkholderia gladioli Strain against Botrytis cinerea.

Pathogenic fungi are the main cause of yield loss and postharvest loss of crops. In recent years, some antifungal microorganisms have been exploited and applied to prevent and control pathogenic fungi. In this study, an antagonistic bacteria KRS027 isolated from the soil rhizosphere of a healthy cotton plant from an infected field was identified as Burkholderia gladioli by morphological identification, multilocus sequence analysis, and typing (MLSA-MLST) and physiobiochemical examinations.

Rapid and simple colorimetric detection of quiescent Colletotrichum in harvested fruit using reverse transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) technology.

Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the major causes of postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables. Detection of the pathogen at an early stage of infection is crucial to developing a disease management strategy. In this work, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for the rapid detection of C.

Phenylalanine induces mango fruit resistance against chilling injuries during storage at suboptimal temperature.

Cold is the best means of prolonging fruit storage. However, tropical fruit are susceptible to cold storage. The mode of action of mango fruit tolerance to suboptimal cold temperature of 7 or 10 °C after postharvest application of 8 mM phenylalanine was investigated using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of mango fruit during suboptimal cold storage.

Sensitivity analysis of the effect of current mood states on the thermal sensation in educational buildings.

Adaptive thermal comfort is a model which considers behavioral and psychological adjustments apart from Fanger's Predicted Mean Vote (PMV)/Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) method. In the literature, the differences between the PMV/PPD method and adaptive thermal comfort were mainly considered in aspects of behavioral adjustments in an environment. Conversely, limited studies related to psychological adjustments were considered in detail for thermal comfort.

Reprograms the Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway Against Colletotrichum fructicola.

is an endemic Chinese tree species with considerable medicinal, timber, and horticultural value. The anthracnose disease of is caused by the fungal pathogen , which results in great losses in yield and quality. Here, resistance evaluation of six cultivars of exhibited varying degrees of resistance to infection, where Wufeng was the most resistant and Jinggangshan was the most susceptive.

Preharvest Application of Phenylalanine Induces Red Color in Mango and Apple Fruit's Skin.

Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites responsible for the red coloration of mango and apple. The red color of the peel is essential for the fruit's marketability. Anthocyanins and flavonols are synthesized via the flavonoid pathway initiated from phenylalanine (Phe).

Extract from the Macroalgae Induces Table Grapes Resistance to .

Fungal pathogens are a central cause of the high wastage rates of harvested fruit and vegetables. Seaweeds from the genus are fast-growing edible green macroalgae whose species can be found on the shore of every continent, and therefore present a resource that can be utilized on a global scale. In this study, we found that the application of ulvan extract, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from (1000 mg/L), elicited table grapes defense and reduced the incidence and decay area of by 43% and 41%, respectively.

Double-stranded RNA targeting fungal ergosterol biosynthesis pathway controls Botrytis cinerea and postharvest grey mould.

Pathogenic fungi cause major postharvest losses. During storage and ripening, fruit becomes highly susceptible to fungi that cause postharvest disease. Fungicides are effective treatments to limit disease.

Detection of necrotrophic DNA marker of anthracnose causing Colletotrichum gloeosporioides fungi in harvested produce using surface plasmon resonance.

Agriculture and food crops monitoring is extremely important for securing the food supply chain to human society. Here, we developed a highly specific detection method for monitoring pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides using necrotrophic DNA biomarker as the recognition element and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as transducing mechanism in the prism coupling configuration. The sensor shows its response for a wide range of concentrations from pM to μM of target DNA sequence using a complementary DNA probe immobilized on the sensor surface, which could detect concentrations as low as 7 pM.

Evaluation of government strategies against COVID-19 pandemic using q-rung orthopair fuzzy TOPSIS method.

The COVID-19 outbreak, which emerged in China and continues to spread rapidly all over the world, has brought with it increasing numbers of cases and deaths. Governments have suffered serious damage and losses not only in the field of health but also in many other fields. This has directed governments to adopt and implement various strategies in their communities.

Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Astringent and Nonastringent Persimmon () Cultivars Determines Sensitivity to Infection.

Fruits of nonastringent persimmon cultivars, as compared to astringent ones, were more resistant to infection despite having lower polyphenol content. Metabolic analysis from the pulp of nonastringent "Shinshu", as compared to the astringent "Triumph", revealed a higher concentration of salicylic, coumaric, quinic, 5--feruloyl quinic, ferulic acids, β-glucogallin, gallocatechin, catechin, and procyanidins. Selected compounds like salicylic, ferulic, and ρ-coumaric acids inhibited growth, and higher activity was demonstrated for methyl ferulic and methyl ρ-coumaric acids.

Induced defense response in red mango fruit against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

Mango fruit exposed to sunlight develops red skin and are more resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here we show that harvested red mango fruit that was exposed to sunlight at the orchard is more resistant than green fruit to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. LCMS analysis showed high amounts of antifungal compounds, as glycosylated flavonols, glycosylated anthocyanins, and mangiferin in red vs.

Effect of Biological and Chemical Treatments During Flowering on Stem-End Rot Disease, and Mango Yield.

Pathogenic fungi, as the Botryosphaeriaceae family, can penetrate during flowering and endophytically colonize the stem of mango fruit () without causing any visible symptoms. Those fungi become active during abiotic stress or fruit ripening and cause stem and inflorescence dieback or fruit stem-end rot (SER) fungal disease. We hypothesized that anti-fungal treatments during the main event of Botryosphaeriaceae penetration would reduce the disease.

The Incorporation of Amplified Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence in a CMOS-Based Biosensor Increased the Detection Sensitivity of a DNA Marker of the Pathogenic Fungus .

Half of the global agricultural fresh produce is lost, mainly because of rots that are caused by various pathogenic fungi. In this study, a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based biosensor was developed, which integrates specific DNA strands that allow the detection of enoyl-CoA-hydratase/isomerase, which is a quiescent marker of fungi. The developed biosensor mechanism is based on the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) phenomenon, which is amplified by depositing silver onto a glass surface.

Enhancing Salt Tolerance of Plants: From Metabolic Reprogramming to Exogenous Chemical Treatments and Molecular Approaches.

Plants grow on soils that not only provide support for root anchorage but also act as a reservoir of water and nutrients important for plant growth and development. However, environmental factors, such as high salinity, hinder the uptake of nutrients and water from the soil and reduce the quality and productivity of plants. Under high salinity, plants attempt to maintain cellular homeostasis through the production of numerous stress-associated endogenous metabolites that can help mitigate the stress.

Environmental occurrence of phthalate and organophosphate esters in sediments across the Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean Sea).

Seven phthalate (PAEs) and nine organophosphate esters (OPEs) were measured in surface sediments across the Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean Sea) at twelve stations characterized by different anthropogenic signatures. ∑PAEs and ∑OPEs concentrations ranged from 2 to 766 ng/g DW (av. 196 ng/g DW) and from 4 to 227 ng/g DW (av.

Molecular insights into biochar-mediated plant growth promotion and systemic resistance in tomato against Fusarium crown and root rot disease.

Molecular mechanisms associated with biochar-elicited suppression of soilborne plant diseases and improved plant performance are not well understood. A stem base inoculation approach was used to explore the ability of biochar to induce systemic resistance in tomato plants against crown rot caused by a soilborne pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

Phenylalanine increases chrysanthemum flower immunity against Botrytis cinerea attack.

Flowers are the most vulnerable plant organ to infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Here we show that pre-treatment of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) flowers with phenylalanine (Phe) significantly reduces their susceptibility to B. cinerea.

Detection of quiescent fungi in harvested fruit using CMOS biosensor: A proof of concept study.

Postharvest fruit decay is caused by fungal pathogens and leads to major losses. In this study, specific mRNA sequences that are upregulated in the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides during its quiescent stage in fruits, were identified using a CMOS sensor. The identification process was based on sandwich approach, where strands complementary to the C.

Phenylalanine: A Promising Inducer of Fruit Resistance to Postharvest Pathogens.

More than 40% of harvested fruit is lost, largely due to decay. In parallel, restrictions on postharvest fungicides call for eco-friendly alternatives. Fruit's natural resistance depends mainly on flavonoids and anthocyanins-which have antioxidant and antifungal activity-synthesized from the phenylpropanoid pathway with phenylalanine as a precursor.