Algae a Potential Source in Cosmetics: Current Status, Challenges, and Economic Implications.

Recently, many studies have revealed the association between environmental stresses and skin disorders. Skin protects the inner body organs as a first line of defence against various environmental detriments. The physical, chemical, biological, and environmental stresses and internal factors, including reactive oxygen species, can lead to skin aging, laxity, wrinkles, dryness, and coarse texture.

Accuracy and Comparison of Core Needle Biopsy Diagnoses With Excision Specimen for Diagnosing Fibroepithelial Lesions of the Breast.

Background Core needle biopsy (CNB) for fibroepithelial lesions (FELs) of the breast is commonly encountered by histopathologists. The distinction between fibroadenoma (FA) and phyllodes tumor (PT) can be challenging due to overlapping histological features and the limited nature of CNB material.  Objective This study aimed to assess the accuracy of CNB diagnosis of FA and PT by comparing it with a diagnosis on subsequent surgical excision specimen.

Influence of climatic factors on the life stages of Aedes mosquitoes and vectorial transmission: A review.

Background Objectives: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are two sympatric mosquito species that compete with each other for resources when their breeding habitats overlap. This study examines what happens when sympatric Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes' mate with each other and other species by looking at insemination rates, fecundity, and hatchability rate.

Methods: We performed controlled mating experiments in laboratory setting, assessing both conspecific and interspecific crosses.

Impact of urbanization on the abundance and distribution of Anophelines population in Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background Objectives: In urban areas, upsurge in population has resulted in more breeding sites for malaria vectors, and hence this scenario potentially undermine malaria elimination and control programs. The change in land use due to urbanization may result in the presence and distribution of malaria vectors. Understanding potential malaria vectors is essential for current and future malaria transmission control strategies.

Point-of-Care Lateral Flow Detection of Viable O157:H7 Using an Improved Propidium Monoazide-Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Method.

The detection of both viable and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) O157:H7 is a crucial part of food safety. Traditional culture-dependent methods are lengthy, expensive, laborious, and unable to detect VBNC. Hence, there is a need to develop a rapid, simple, and cost-effective detection method to differentiate between viable/dead O157:H7 and detect VBNC cells.

The co-application of biochar with bioremediation for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soil.

Soil pollution from petroleum hydrocarbon is a global environmental problem that could contribute to the non-actualisation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Several techniques have been used to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils; however, there are technical and economical limitations to existing methods. As such, the development of new approaches and the improvement of existing techniques are imperative.

A Review on Microbial Products and Their Perspective Application as Antimicrobial Agents.

Microorganisms including actinomycetes, archaea, bacteria, fungi, yeast, and microalgae are an auspicious source of vital bioactive compounds. In this review, the existing research regarding antimicrobial molecules from microorganisms is summarized. The potential antimicrobial compounds from actinomycetes, particularly spp.

Impact of nanophos in agriculture to improve functional bacterial community and crop productivity.

Background: Since the World's population is increasing, it's critical to boost agricultural productivity to meet the rising demand for food and reduce poverty. Fertilizers are widely used in traditional agricultural methods to improve crop yield, but they have a number of negative environmental consequences such as nutrient losses, decrease fertility and polluted water and air. Researchers have been focusing on alternative crop fertilizers mechanisms to address these issues in recent years and nanobiofertilizers have frequently been suggested.

Review: Trends in point-of-care diagnosis for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food and water.

Escherichia coli O157:H7, a Shiga-producing E. coli is a major pathogenic E. coli strain which since the early 1980s has become a crucial food and water-borne pathogen.

Microorganisms: A Potential Source of Bioactive Molecules for Antioxidant Applications.

Oxidative stress originates from an elevated intracellular level of free oxygen radicals that cause lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, DNA hydroxylation, and apoptosis, ultimately impairing cell viability. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which further helps to prevent cellular damage. Medicinal plants, fruits, and spices are the primary sources of antioxidants from time immemorial.

Evaluation and comparison of recombinase polymerase amplification coupled with lateral-flow bioassay for Escherichia coli O157:H7 detection using diifeerent genes.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is a food and waterborne zoonotic pathogen causing gastroenteritis in humans. Rapid and simple detection in water and food is imperative to control its spread. However, traditional microbial detection approaches are time-consuming, expensive and complex to operate at the point-of-care without professional training.

Dynamic changes in nasal symmetry after presurgical nasoalveolar molding in infants with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Background: Presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) technique gave a new perspective to presurgical infant orthopedics. Nasal reconstruction presents a challenge for the plastic surgeons in case of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). PNAM facilitates the reshaping of the nasal cartilage and molding of maxillary arch preoperatively.

Region-specific changes in the mRNA and protein expression of LCPUFA biosynthesis enzymes and transporters in the placentae of women with preeclampsia.

Unlabelled: The biosynthesis and transport of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) require the activity of fatty acid desaturase (FADS) enzymes, fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) and fatty acid binding proteins (FABP). In a previous study we have demonstrated region-specific changes in the LCPUFA levels in preeclampsia (PE) as compared to the normotensive control (NC) placentae.

Aim: To understand the region-specific changes in the mRNA levels and protein expression of biosynthesis enzymes and transporters of LCPUFA in PE and NC placentae.

Review: The future of plant pathogen diagnostics in a nursery production system.

Plant diseases have a global economic impact through the loss of productivity and trade restrictions. Production of disease free plants in nurseries is crucial for plant survival and productivity in the field environment. Accurate diagnosis of plant pathogens helps to identify appropriate management practices to reduce production losses.

A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy and Efficiency of Grayson's Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding Technique in Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate with Those Treated with Figueroa's Modified Technique.

Background: Presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) has been used for aligning and not only for approximating the maxillary alveolar segments preoperatively but also for improving the nasal symmetry and therefore facilitates primary surgical repairs in cleft patients.

Aim: This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and efficiency of Grayson's technique with Figueroa's modified presurgical nasoalveolar technique in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) infants.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-two infants aged 10-15 days were randomly divided into two equal groups: Group I treated with Grayson's PNAM technique and Group II with Figueroa's PNAM technique.

Distribution of Fatty Acids and Lipids During Pregnancy.

Maternal fatty acid and lipid metabolism undergoes changes during pregnancy to facilitate fetal growth and development. Different types of fatty acids have different roles in maintaining a successful pregnancy and they are incorporated into different forms of lipids for the purpose of storage and transport. This chapter aims to provide an understanding of the distribution and metabolism of fatty acids and lipids in the maternal, placental, and fetal compartments.

Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Drugs Used in the Treatment of Pneumonia in Paediatric Population in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India-A Cost-of-Illness Study.

Aims And Objectives: The cost of antibiotic therapy for the treatment of pneumonia in the inpatient paediatric population can have a major impact on the healthcare expenditure. We planned to assess the direct and indirect costs of diagnosis and medical treatment of paediatric patients with community acquired pneumonia who are hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital in India.

Methods: 125 children with a diagnosis of pneumonia who were admitted to the inpatient department of a paediatric hospital receiving antibiotic treatment were observed.

The rarest cause of impaction of mandibular third molar - A case report.

Mandibular tooth impaction is a very common finding and is usually associated with so many local and systemic causes in which the pathway of tooth eruption is obstructed or misdirected. The local causes are either a local bony lesion or an abnormal position of the adjacent tooth. The case presented here is associated with a very rare cause of impaction, which is the hamartomatus growth of the first and second molars causing the obstruction and leading to the impaction of the adjacent third molar tooth.

Penetration barrier contributes to bacterial biofilm-associated resistance against only select antibiotics, and exhibits genus-, strain- and antibiotic-specific differences.

Bacterial biofilms are implicated in a wide range of implant-based and chronic infections. These infections are often associated with adverse therapeutic outcomes, owing to the decreased antibiotic susceptibility of biofilms compared with their planktonic counterparts. This altered biofilm susceptibility has been attributed to multiple factors, including a reduced antibiotic penetration.

Altered development and function of the placental regions in preeclampsia and its association with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.

The placenta is an essential organ formed during pregnancy that mainly transfers nutrients from the mother to the fetus. Nutrients taken up by the placenta are required for its own growth and development and to optimize fetal growth. Hence, placental function is an important determinant of pregnancy outcome.

Increased oxidative stress from early pregnancy in women who develop preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder, defined as new onset of maternal hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Our earlier study has shown increased maternal oxidative stress at delivery to be associated with poor birth outcome in PE. However, these results were observed when the pathology had progressed and may have been secondary to the effects of the disorder.

Differential regional fatty acid distribution in normotensive and preeclampsia placenta.

Background: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are biologically active fatty acids which regulate placental angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Abnormalities in these aspects have been associated with preeclampsia (PE). Further, placenta has a heterogeneous structure with differential vascularization across different regions.

Practices and perceptions of adolescent girls regarding the impact of dysmenorrhea on their routine life: a comparative study in the urban, rural, and slum areas of Chandigarh.

To estimate the prevalence, to compare the impact of dysmenorrhea on routine life among adolescent girls, to compare the practices and perceptions regarding Dysmenorrhea and to ascertain the reason for difference if any, a cross-sectional study was conducted in urban, rural and slum areas of Chandigarh, India. 300 girls in age group of 11-18 years, who had attained menarche were included in the study. A questionnaire including the Demographic and Family profile, menstrual history, Symptoms of Dysmenorrhea, Effect of pain on daily activities, Faces scale, Practices regarding Dysmenorrhea, Beliefs about menstruation was used.

Susceptibility of bacterial isolates to vancomycin and ceftazidime from patients with endophthalmitis: Is there a need to change the empirical therapy in suspected bacterial endophthalmitis?

To review the susceptibility of bacterial isolates to ceftazidime and vancomycin isolated from patients with endophthalmitis. Microbiology records of patients with endophthalmitis between June 2010 and May 2013 were reviewed. Vitreous and AC fluids obtained from patients with endophthalmitis were subjected to direct microscopy examination and culture.

Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy following indocyanine green dye-assisted surgery for serous macular detachment.

To report subretinal migration of indocyanine green dye (ICG) and subsequent retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) atrophy during macular surgery for serous macular detachment. A 65-year-old woman presented with residual epiretinal membrane and serous detachment of the macula following vitreoretinal surgery for epiretinal membrane. She underwent resurgery with ICG-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling and intraocular tamponade.