Performance improvement of the osmotic microbial fuel cell by the pre-treatment of anaerobic sewage sludge using solenoid magnetic field.

This study explored the effect of a solenoid magnetic field (SOMF) as a pre-treatment on anaerobic sewage sludge (ASS) before using it in an osmotic microbial fuel cell (OMFC) as an inoculant. The ASS efficiency in terms of colony-forming unit (CFU) was improved ten times by applying SOMF compared to the control conditions. The obtained highest power density, current density, and water flux in the OMFC were 32.

Performance evaluation of deep eutectic solvent as a draw solute and vertical up-flow forward osmosis module for desalination of seawater.

Forward osmosis (FO) has gained prominence in recent years particularly in desalination due to its ability to operate at low or no hydraulic pressure, with relatively limited membrane fouling and high-water recovery. However, pre-treatment of seawater is required to reduce membrane fouling caused by the presence of suspended solid particles. Also, a significant area of research in forward osmosis is still finding a suitable draw solute (DS) with the ideal characteristics.

Hydrothermal carbonization of cow dung with human urine as a solvent for hydrochar: An experimental and kinetic study.

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is the most cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient physicochemical and biochemical process for converting biomass to products with added value. The objective and novelty of this work is to produce and investigate the qualities of hydrochar fuel (as a solid fuel) from cow manure using human urine as a solvent in order to find a suitable replacement for conventional fuel (i.e.

Performance of pilot-scale constructed wetland osmotic microbial fuel cell under different gravel conditions.

This paper explores the performance of pilot-scale constructed wetland osmotic microbial fuel cell (CW-OMFC) in different gravel conditions. The performance was measured in terms of power generation, water flux, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, and coulombic efficiency. The CW-OMFC was divided into four sections based on the porosity of the materials.

Effects of temperature, pH, feed, and fertilizer draw solution concentrations on the performance of forward osmosis process for textile wastewater treatment.

Water is crucial for enhancing the yield of agricultural land to meet the growing demand. Forward osmosis (FO) is a developing technology that utilizes the natural osmotic gradient of solutions. In this study, fertilizer drawn FO setup was considered by using potassium chloride (KCl) as the draw solution (DS) for treating textile wastewater as the feed solution (FS).

Physico-chemical and biological treatment strategies for converting municipal wastewater and its residue to resources.

An increase in urbanization and industrialization has not only contributed to an improvement in the lifestyle of people, but it has also contributed to a surge in the generation of wastewater. To date, conventional physico-chemical and biological treatment methods are widely used for the treatment of wastewater. However, the efficient operation of these systems require substantial operation and maintenance costs, and the application of novel technologies for the treatment and disposal of sludge/residues.

A novel concept of Vertical Up-Flow Forward Osmosis reactor: Design, performance and evaluation.

Performance of the forward osmosis (FO) process is limited due to the decline in water flux and increase in reverse salt flux. In this study, a novel Vertical Up-Flow Forward Osmosis (VUF-FO) reactor was designed and evaluated for eight different contacting patterns of feed and draw agent (DA). The best contacting pattern was compared with the basic H-shape reactor.

Technologies for the recovery of nutrients, water and energy from human urine: A review.

The global demand for a constant supply of fertilizer is increasing with the booming of the population. Nowadays more focus is given to the recovery and reuse of the nutrients rather than synthesis of the fertilizer from chemicals. Human urine is the best available resource for the primary macronutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) for the fertilizer as it contains 10-12 g/L nitrogen, 0.

Photo-polymerization as a new approach to fabricate the active layer of forward osmosis membrane.

A novel approach is employed to prepare the active layer of the forward osmosis membrane by the photo-polymerization method. The poly (ethylene glycol) phenyl ether acrylate (PPEA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) are used as monomers. The emphasis is given to analysing the effect of monomer concentration on chemical functional groups of active layer, thermal stability, surface morphology, roughness, interfacial free energy, organic fouling tendency and osmotic flux performance.

Effect of TiO nanoparticles on UASB biomass activity and dewatered sludge.

The accumulation of the nanowastes in the wastewater treatment plants has raised several concerns; therefore, it is an utmost priority to study the nanoparticle (NP) toxicity in such systems. In this work, the effect of TiO NPs on up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) microflora and their photocatalytic effect on dewatered sludge were studied. We observed 99.

Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on UASB microbial consortium.

The continuous rise in production and applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has grown a concern about their fate and toxicity in the environment. After use, these nanomaterials pass through sewage and accumulate in wastewater treatment plants. Since, such plants rely on biological degradation of wastes; their activity may decrease due to the presence of CNTs.

Fabricated nanoparticles: current status and potential phytotoxic threats.

Nanotechnology offers unique attributes to various industrial and consumer sectors, and has become a topic of high interest to scientific communities across the world. Our society has greatly benefitted from nanotechnology already, in that many products with novel properties and wide applicability have been developed and commercialized. However, the increased production and use of nanomaterials have raised concerns about the environmental fate and toxicological implications of nanoparticles and nanomaterials.